Phylum Nematoda Flashcards
What is common name for phylum Nematodes?
Roundworms
12,000 known species
500,000 more to discover
What is the first organism in Phylum Nematodes?
Caenorhabditis Elegans.
What is special about Caenorhabditis Elegans?
It is the most researched organism on Planet Earth.
It was the first organism to known for their complete genome.
They use it a lot in Biochemistry, because of Eutely (No of cells are constant)
Is Caenorhabditis Elegans free living or Non free living?
They are free living and Parasitic.
Do Caenorhabditis Elegans have Hypodermis?
Yes, hypodermis is underneath of cuticle, so hypodermis secretes the non living cuticle.
In which cuticle is made up of Collagen, which is outside of the hypodermis.
Do Caenorhabditis Elegans have cilia or Flagella?
No, they don’t have any of these.
What muscles do Caenorhabditis Elegans have?
They only have longitudinal muscles
What Caenorhabditis Elegans have for muscle contraction?
They have glycogen which is used by their Muscles cells to contract for cellular respiration.
What Nice about Caenorhabditis Elegans muscles?
They are only organism in animal kingdom that there
Muscles Extends to Axon(Neurons).
Muscles cell go to Neuron and neuron release neurotransmitters and muscle contracts.
How Caenorhabditis Elegans move?
They have Thrashing Movement (earthworms move by Peristalsis).
Caenorhabditis Elegans sexes?
There sexes are separate that’s why they are Dioecious.
Is Caenorhabditis Elegans Male have what?
Male have Copulatory Bursa, and spicules.
Which go and hang on to female and transfer sperm to female.
Spicules is structure that open up vagina and then copulatory bursa go to vagina and insert the sperm.
What fertilization do Caenorhabditis Elegans have?
They have Internal fertilization.
What stages do Caenorhabditis Elegans have?
They have four Juvenile stages (L1, L2, L3, Adult).
So after the egg they molt and then every stage of juvenile stage they Molt to become L1, L2, L3, Adult.
L3 is the most Infective Stage.
They are Oviparous. (Means they lay eggs)
Explain Thrashing Movement ?
They have skeletal muscles, Hydrostatic Pressure (fluid inside of them), cuticle.
Skeletal muscles makes them;- Thinner and Straight.
H Pressure and Cuticle makes them;- Curve.
Cross section of Caenorhabditis Elegans?
Cuticle(non-living) ➡️ Hypodermis ➡️ Nerve Cord ➡️ Ovary ➡️ Oviduct ➡️ Uterus
Excretory canals runs through Lateral Lines.
What is Advantages of having space (coelom)
1) Freedom of Movement:- Because of this space animal can grow very Larger. Aniamals who don’t have space they cannot grow Larger.
Better Circulation:- better circulation of waste, food materials or Oxygen.
2) Storage for waste.
3) Hydrostatic Pressure;- it allows the animal to move.
4) Space for Development.
Organism in Phlyum Nematoda?
Ascaris Lumbricoides and Ascaris Suum
Ascaris Lumbricoids and Ascaris Suum are found in?
Human and Pig swine.
Ascaris Suum in human?
In human it can be very dangerous. If the Egg become larva stages in the head, they can cause death in human.
A. Lumbricoids and A.Suum are found in what countries?
Both of these are found in United States
Egg of A.L A.S?
There egg can stay in environment for very long time.
15-49 cm long
Shape of A.L A.S?
They are larger than other roundworms.
Mouth have 3 lips
Anus on central side
Male of A.L A.S?
Male have spicules on the curved posterior end instead of Copulatory bursa.
Curved🧎🏻♂️
Female of A.L A.S?
Female have the Y shape Reproductive Tract.
Thin Ovary ➡️ Larger Oviduct ➡️ Even Larger Uterus.
Straight 🧍🏻♀️
Fertilization of A.L A.S?
Fertilization is After Copulation
Intestinal Round worms in Dogs?
Toxocara Canis 🐕
Intestinal Round worms in Cat?
Toxocara Cati 🐈
Intestinal round worms from Ascaridae family in Wild carnivores?
Toxascaris Leonina. 🦒 🦓 🦔
Roundworms from Ascaridae Family?
If they ingest the egg of these organism Human cannot become infected, because we are not right host for them. We do feel little pain but.