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Biology Exam 4 > Phylum Mollusca > Flashcards

Phylum Mollusca Flashcards

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1
Q

What are Molluscs?

A

They are 🐌 snail, claim, octopus 🐙.
They are coelomate animals.

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2
Q

Mollusca have what around the coelom?

A

They have mesenteries around the coelom.

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3
Q

Another structure of Animals in phylum mollusca?

A

They are protostomes animal.
They are spiral 🌀 cleavage.
True Organ system.
They have gas exchange through Brody surface, gills or lungs 🫁.

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4
Q

Equated molluscs and molluscs on land?

A

Equation molluscs have gills
Land molluscs have lungs.

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5
Q

What system do molluscs have?

A

Molluscs have open circulatory system,
But cephalopoda have close circulatory system.

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6
Q

Close circulatory system have?

A

Capillaries ➡️ and cells of the body are surrounded by Capillaries.
Blood 🩸 flows with a fast speed ➡️ blood 🩸 is not direct contact with tissues.
Vertebrates have closed circulatory system. (Cephalopoda)

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7
Q

Open circulatory system?

A

Blood flow with a low speed.
Blood is in the direct contact with the tissue of the body.
Blood 🩸 is not confined to blood vessels.
Arthropods and Molluscs.

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8
Q

Cephalopods are what?

A

They are largest invertebrates on land.

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9
Q

Do molluscs have eyes?

A

Yes, and they can form images.

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10
Q

Why molluscs had common ancestors?

A

Annelids and molluscs had a common ancestor, because of coelom and larva stage.

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11
Q

Do molluscs have metamerism?

A

No, they are not divided by body parts, like Annelids, chordata or arthropods.
Molluscs are not metameric.

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12
Q

What does adaptive radiation ☢️ mean in mollusks 🦑 ?

A

It means they had a common ancestor before, but the evolved and went to different environments and they became successful, and started living in those environments.
So, basically it means they came from common ancestor.

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13
Q

Largest animal kingdom?

A

Arthropods ➡️ Molluscs ➡️ Nematodes ➡️ Ctenophora.

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14
Q

Who moved to shallow water?

A

Only bivalves and Gastropoda moved to shallow water 💦 and fresh 💧.

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15
Q

Who are the most intelligent invertebrates?

A

Phylum cephalopods are the most intelligent.

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16
Q

How is coelom of mollusks 🦑?

A

Coelom is limited to heart, some gonads and part of kidney.

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17
Q

How does the body of molluscs look like?

A

Their body contains:- head, foot and visceral mass.

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18
Q

🐚 shell of molluscs?

A

They have three 3 layers:-
Periostracum - Is the most outer layer, made up of protein molecules.
Perismatic - Very thick, made up of calcium carbonate.
Nacreous layer - Most inner layer, bright, shiny ✨ and made up of calcium carbonate.

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19
Q

What is Redula in Mollusks?

A

Redula is the in the different pattern and numbers in different animals.
Redula is found within mouth.

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20
Q

What is the function of Redula?

A

Rasping 👅 tongue like organ. It serve as conveyer belt it moves and bring food to the 👄 mouth of the organism.
Bivalves do not have redula.

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21
Q

Redula serve as?

A

Conveyer belt.
Redula is moved by muscles.

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22
Q

Who do not have Redula?

A

Bivalves do not have Redula.

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23
Q

Foot of molluscs?

A

Foot is used for locomotion, attachment, and combination.

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24
Q

Bivalves have what foot?

A

They have Hatchet 🪓 foot.

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25
Q

Different types of foot?

A

Outside the foot is incurrent and excurrent siphon,
Incurrent siphon ;- brings food and water 💧 to the mouth.
Excurrent siphon ;- takes the waste material out.

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26
Q

In molluscs Foot secretes what?

A

Foot secretes mucus,
And that mucus is used for Adhesion and slime tract.

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27
Q

Visceral portion of the body of Molluscs?

A

They have
Mantle and Mantle cavity.
Mantle ;- it is sheath of skin, and it secrets the shell of these organisms, it also Act as Gas exchanger.
Mantle cavity ;- is houses 🏠 respiratory organs, product from digestive, excretory and reproduction system emptied into Mantle cavity.

Mantle cavity is an area where digestive, excretory, and reproductive materials in Mantle cavity.

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28
Q

How can food, nutrient and water can be observed in molluscs?

A

The water and flow of blood goes opposite ways it called (countercurrent exchange mechanism) so that’s how the food nutrient and oxygen can be absorb.

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29
Q

What are blood sinuses?

A

Those are the openings that blood goes into and exchange of gases and nutrients occur between red blood cell.

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30
Q

Internal structure of molluscs?

A

Heart, blood vessels, blood sinuses.
A pair of kidneys,
Metanephridia ➡️ nephrostome ➡️coelomic area.

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31
Q

Duct of the kidney of molluscs?

A

May also serve as discharge of egg or sperm.

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32
Q

Nervous system have?

A

Neurosecretory cells.
And molluscs have advanced sense organs.

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33
Q

Reproduction of molluscs?

A

Most are dioecious, and some hermaphroditic(monoecious).
Trochophoroe larva (same to annelids)
Direct metamorphosis (life cycle do not change).

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34
Q

What is veliger?

A

It looks like adult bivalve.

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35
Q

In many Gastropoda and bivalves?

A

A uniquely molluscs itermediate larva stage which is called the veliger is hatched 🐣 with the begging of foot, she’ll, and mantle.

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36
Q

General characteristic of Molluscs?

A

We do not have one
But
Because in molluscs we have.
Snail;- univalve
Clam;- two shell.

Around the heart is pericardium ➡️ came from mesoderm.
Foot secretes mucus for adhesion and slime tract.

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37
Q

Class Monoplacophora?

A

Placo = something flat.
For long time they thought organism of this class are extinct, but they found them in the coast of coasta rica.
And they look like very very old molluscs.

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38
Q

Structure of class monoplacophora?

A

They are small round shell and creeping foot.
Organ are serially repeated (have metamorphosis).

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39
Q

Class polyplacophora?

A

Mail shell or chitons.
They are flattered dorsoventrally and have 8 plates or valves.

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40
Q

Water current of class polyplacophora?

A

Water current go through pallial groove and through gills.

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41
Q

Class polyplacophora have what in mantle groove?

A

They have sense organs in mantle groove.

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42
Q

Heart of class polyplacophora?

A

There have 3 chambers.
And have a pair of Metanephridia.
They ahvetrochophore stage but not veliger.

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43
Q

Class scaphopoda?

A

Tusk shell or tooth shells.

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44
Q

Foot of class scaphopoda?

A

Foot into sand & shell end into water.
Cilia extends From tentacles of head.

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45
Q

Redula of class scaphophoda?

A

Redula carry food to crushing gizzard.

46
Q

Reproduction of class scaphophoda?

A

Redula carry food to crushing gizzard.

They are dioecious and there is trochophore.

47
Q

Capatacula of class scaphopoda?

A

Capatacula have cilia at the end, and they sense the environment and they are in sand. And they can detect the food 🍱 and they grab the food and bring it to the 👄 mouth.

48
Q

Class Scaphopoda was used for?

A

It was used for the exchange of money by American Indians.

49
Q

Class Gastropoda?

A

Largest class, these are one cell organism. (Univalve)
Helix is garden snail.
Limpet and abalone,

50
Q

Structure of class Gastropoda?

A

Apex is the oldest portion of the shell.
They have whorl and columella.
Dextral (counterclockwise) and sinistral (clockwise)
Aperture = opening of shell.
Operculum = is flap or mantle skin portion which covers the aperture.

51
Q

Sinistral and dextral?

A

Sinistral is very rare.
Dextral is very common.

52
Q

Gastropoda have what specific thing.

A

They have Trosion, and coiling.

53
Q

What is torsion?

A

Torsion is twisting and turning of the internal of visceral organs of the animal from 90 to 180 degree, and it happens in veliger stage.

54
Q

Anus of class Gastropoda?

A

Anus open above the mouth, and we call it fouling.

55
Q

Gastropoda have?

A

Complete digestive system.

56
Q

What is fouling?

A

The arrangement resulting form torsion creates fouling, where wastes being washed back over the gills seems to be countrinituitive in nature and has many implications and consequences for the snails.

57
Q

What is coiling?

A

Coiling is when shell 🐚 spins around.

58
Q

When does coiling occurs?

A

It’s occurs during the larva stages.

59
Q

What happens in early Gastropoda?

A

Planospiral

60
Q

Another name for coiling.

A

Is spiral winding.
So, spiral winding of shell and visceral mass is not the same as Torsion.

61
Q

Subclass of class Gastropoda?

A

Prosobranchia.
Opisthobranchia
Pulmonata;- Helix

62
Q

Some snails serves as?

A

Some snails serves as intermediate host to many parasites 🦠 and are often harmed by larva stages during infestation.

63
Q

Class bivalves? What is another name?

A

Pelecypoda,
Hatchet 🦶 foot.

64
Q

Class bivalves are?

A

Freshwater mussel.

65
Q

Examples of class bivalves?

A

Clams, scallops, oysters, shipworms

66
Q

Most bivalves are?

A

Bivalves are sedentary filter feeder

67
Q

Structure of class bivalves?

A

No Head and No Redula and very little cephalization.
Have open circulatory system.

68
Q

What is special thing in class bivalves?

A

Homocyanin.

69
Q

What is hemocyanin?

A

Hemocyanin is a pigment in colorless blood which is acting like a white blood cell, which sweep out the unwanted bacteria 🦠 and other structures.

70
Q

What do bivalves have near Heart?

A

Nephridia near heart or kidney.

71
Q

What is different between mussel and clam?

A

There is not really a different between them but ⬇️ .
Mussel;- The term mussel is used for several families of bivalves molluscs inhabiting lakes, river and creeks as well as intertidal areas along coastlines worldwide.
Clam;- The taxonomic group including most bivalves efferent to as Clams.

72
Q

How many shells 🐚 do bivalve have?

A

The have two shells.

73
Q

What connects 2 🐚 shell together of bivalves.

A

Hinge ligament.

74
Q

Anterior and posterior adductor muscles of bivalves?

A

They both work antagonistically.

75
Q

What is umbo in bivalves?

A

Umbo is the oldest portion of the shell.

76
Q

Gastropoda and bivalves.

A

In Gastropoda apex was oldest portion of the animal.
In bivalves Umbo is the oldest portion of the animal.

77
Q

Bivalves have what layers?

A

They also have 3 layers
Periostracum
Perismatic layer
Nacreous layer

78
Q

What does bivalves have in special?

A

They have pearl production.

79
Q

What is the name of Japanese pearl production?

A

Meleaqrina.

80
Q

Body and mantle of class bivalves?

A

Foot is attached to visceral mass.
The edge of mantle folds are modified to form excurrent and incurrent opening.

81
Q

Locomotion of bivalves?

A

Bivalves move very slow.
Blood is pumped into foot 🦶and they clap 👏🏼 their feet and move fast when predator is near. But in general they move very slow.

82
Q

What is pearl production called?

A

It’s called Nucleation.

83
Q

Explain Pearl reproduction?

A

If they take mantle form another animal, because the mantle from another animals it seems to give the best purest pearl.
Even though it’s a form raised pearl, they are not suppose to be.
But when they reflect light 💡 through it it seems expensive.

84
Q

Where is pearl form?

A

It’s between Mantle and shell 🐚.
Mantle is Visceral mass.

85
Q

What is the best method of inserting mantle from another oyster🦪 ?

A

It’s called Neucleation.

86
Q

In these animals intestine is passes through?

A

Heart ♥️

87
Q

Inside of the foot of these animals we have?

A

Intestine and gonads.

88
Q

What they used to make buttons?

A

They used shell of clams on Mississippi River for making buttons.
When they saw the shells on Mississippi River are wiped ⚠️ out so they stopped this process.
And also the waste materials form the factory 🏭 were dumped into the River and it would make the River acedic, so the acid would erase away the Periostracum layer form the shell and the bivalves would die.

89
Q

Reproduction of bivalves?

A

Dioecious
Bivalves have glochidium larva that are specialized veligers and it would attached to the gills of passing fish 🐠 where they live briefly as parasites to complete their development.

90
Q

Life cycle of bivalves?

A

Embryo ➡️ trochophore ➡️ veliger.

91
Q

Fertilization of bivalves?

A

They have internal fertilization.

92
Q

Eggs 🥚 and larva of bivalves are found in?

A

Marsupium as part of gill.

93
Q

What is organism in bivalves?

A

Shipworm

94
Q

Scientific name for ship worm?

A

Teredo Teredo,
They are also called termite of the sea.
Shipworm attached to the ship and eat the wood.

95
Q

Shipworm?

A

Shipworm have sim Kong relationship with bacteria to digest cellulose.
That bacteria is found in the guts and with the help of enzyme cellulace it breaks down cellulose.
Because the bacteria has the enzyme cellulace.

96
Q

Class cephalopoda?

A

They are the most intelligent and largest invertebrates.
Squids🦑 , octopus 🐙, nautiluses, devil fish 👿 🐟 and cuttlefish.

97
Q

Class Cephalopoda are what?

A

They are all marine and they are all predators.

98
Q

Foot of class Cephalopoda?

A

Modified foot is in the head region,
And it is modified for expelling water from mantle cavity 🦷.

99
Q

Scientific name for class Cephalopoda?

A

Architeuthis = giant squid 🦑
Nautilus =

100
Q

Shell of class Cephalopoda?

A

Some do not have shell, and some have poison ☠️ glands like squid 🦑 and octopus 🐙.

101
Q

Mouth of class Cephalopoda?

A

Inside the mouth they have chitinous beaks, these beaks crushes the predator and it’s made up of chitin (the sugar molecule).

102
Q

Shell or cephalopods are dived by?

A

It’s divided by septa, and those septa are connected together by siphuncles.

103
Q

In Cephalopoda squids have what?

A

Squids have pen, pen is external shell of these organism.
Squids also have two long tentacles 🦑 and four pairs of arms and those arms have suckers.
Octopus 🐙 do not have shell, but they have two eyes.

104
Q

Squids have what on the surface?

A

They have chromatophores on the surface.
And it is made up of pyrimidine, and they can camouflage themselves based on the environment.

105
Q

Locomotion of class Cephalopoda?

A

They expel water from Mantle cavity through a ventral siphon.
We have lateral fins in squid 🦑
But octopus does not have fins 🐙

106
Q

What is another special thing about cephalopods?

A

They can comaouflauge
They release ink sac
No cilia on gills
Closed circulatory system.

107
Q

Reproduction of class Cephalopoda?

A

They are dioecious.
Egg 🥚 is fertilized in the oviduct.

108
Q

Seminole vesicles of class cephalopods.

A

Seminole vesicles store spermatozoa.

109
Q

What is hectocotylus in cephalopods?

A

It is one of the arm of Male that reaches to the female and it transfer sperm into the female.

110
Q

Malacology means?

A

Study of mollusks 🦪 🦑.

Biology Exam 4 (8 decks)

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