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Biology Exam 4 > Phylum Amnelida > Flashcards

Phylum Amnelida Flashcards

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1
Q

Phylum Annelida?

A

Annelids, arthropods and chordates are segmented.
Annelids are segmented from head to toe.

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2
Q

Segments of phylum annelida?

A

It’s also called Metamerism:- repeated segments.
If one segments fails the rest works.

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3
Q

Classification of Annelids?

A

It is based in segmentation, setae, and presence and absence of clitellum.

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4
Q

Clitellum?

A

Portion of reproduction.

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5
Q

Annuli of Annelids?

A

Annuli is each ring or circular groove outside of the animal.

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6
Q

Cephalization of Annelids (not earthworm)

A

Head is composed of two parts
- prostomium
- peristomium
Prostomium :- may or not be retractile (comes out and go back) and often bears eyes, tentacles and sensory palps. (Like planaria)
Peristomium :- surrounds mouth and may have setae, palps, or chitinous jaws.

Pygidium :- is the last segment bears Anus.

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7
Q

What is not part of segmentation or metamere in Annelids?

A

Peristomium and pygidium are not part of segmentation, New segments form from front of pygidium. (Opposite of tapeworms)

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8
Q

Where is the oldest and newest segment of annelids?

A

Oldest segments is toward the anterior portion (head) of the animal.
Newest one is toward the posterior end of the animal.

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9
Q

Coelom in Annelids comes from?

A

Mesoderm and shizocoel.

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10
Q

Circulatory system of Annelids?

A

Circulatory system of annelids is closed like Human.
It means that blood always stays within the vessels.
Heart take blood from Artery ➡️ capillaries ➡️ Venules ➡️ back to heart. Blood never leaves a vessel.
Open circulatory system:- Artery ➡️ sinuses (the openings) ➡️ venules ➡️ then back to heart.

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11
Q

Digestive system of Annelids?

A

Complete digestive system.
And they have regeneration.

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12
Q

Why are annelids coelomate animals?

A

Peritonea of adjacent segment meet to form the septa.

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13
Q

Muscles of Annelids?

A

Circulate muscles outside
Longitudinal muscles inside.

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14
Q

Annelids move by?

A

Peristalsis

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15
Q

Class polychaeta? Organisms

A

Poly = Many
Chaeta = bristles, hair
Nereis Virens ➡️ clam or sand worms.
Arenicola ➡️ lugworm.
Tubicolous polychaetas ➡️ Bristle worms.

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16
Q

Class polychaeta is?

A

Largest class, and mostly Marine
And have well developed Head.
They have parapodia:- paired appendages, all segments have it except the first and last.
Parapodia are Biramus.
No clitellum and many setae.

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17
Q

Tubicolous polychaetas?

A

Are sedentary
And spend much of their time in permanent burrows.
Head or prostomium have eyes, tentacles and sensory palps.
First segment is called peristomium.
They have pigments such as hemoglubulin.

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18
Q

Reproduction of Tubicolous polychaetas?

A

They have external fertilization and larva is called Trocophore.
Gonads swell during some time of the year.
Gametes go to coelom ➡️ gonoduct ➡️ Metanephridia ➡️ and then rupture from the body wall.

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19
Q

Other interesting facts of Tuberculosis polychaetas?

A

They are Active at Night (Nocturnal)
Chitinous jaws and sensory tentacles.
Each parapodia have two lobes:-
*Dorsal notopodium
*Ventral neuropodium
These both are used for creeping and swimming,

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20
Q

Palp and eyes of tuberculosis polychaetas?

A

Palp = are for sensing the environment.
They eyes but they cannot form image.
They have tentciles in head region.
Prostomium:- includes eyes, palp, pharynx, jaw and prostomial tentacles.
Peristomium :- includes tentacles and parapodia.

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21
Q

Parapodium of Neries virens?

A

Notopodium have a lot of capillaries for respiration. So, through their cuticle there is some respiration.
Setae help the animal propel.

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22
Q

Class oligochaeta?

A

Lumbricus terrestris, Night crawlers, Earthworms

23
Q

Structure of earthworm?

A

Most are terrestrial, or freshwater, some parasitic and some marine.
No head or true parapodia.
Anterior end has clitellum
Setae with few exception
Darwin’s finding.
Each segment have 4 pairs of chitinous setae except first and last segments.

24
Q

What is vestigial in earthworm?

A

Setae.
They had setae in past but they got rid of it.
So it is not allowing the animal for locomotion and respiration.

25
Q

What movement do earthworm have?

A

They have peristaltic movement.

26
Q

Digestion of earthworm?

A

Scavengers:- by section action of pharynx.
Mouth is in the first true segment:- Peristomium and anus in the last segment.
Prostomium is not a segment and it is in the anterior of the prostomium.
Thyohlosole.

27
Q

Do earthworms have calciferol’s glands?

A

Yes, they have calciferous glands to regulate the amount of calcium in Blood,
Because they eat a lot of soil (calcium) so they need to regulate their calcium level in blood 🩸.

28
Q

What is typhlosole in earthworms?

A

It is the fold of the intestine that increase the surface animal for animal to absorb more nutrients.

29
Q

What is chlorogogen in earthworm?

A

It is like human liver, if the animal is cut, chlorogogen allows the animal to regenerate and it also make fat and glycogen.

30
Q

Circulatory system of earthworm?

A

There circulation is double:- it means they have heart and blood vessels.
When the animals move the coelom in fluid also move.

31
Q

Digestive system of earthworm?

A

Dorsal vessels runs on top of pharynx, anus and digestive system.

32
Q

What receives blood in earthworms?

A

Ventral vessels receive blood from aortic arches and take it to the brain and rest of the body.

33
Q

Blood of earthworms?

A

Blood have colorless ameboid cells, called corpuscles and hemoglobin.
These ameboid cells are acting like white blood cell. So, they go around the animal and any unwanted bacteria or particles they eat it, just like our blood vessels.

34
Q

Excretory system of earthworm?

A

Each somite have metanephridia except first three and last one.
Their nephrostome is ciliated.

35
Q

What does cilia Do in earthworm?

A

Cilia brings wastes from coelom to neohrostome ➡️ and join the waste material from blood 🩸➡️ and go outside through nephridiopore.

36
Q

Earthworms or aquatic oligochetas release what?

A

They release Ammonia.

Aquatic animals release ammonia,
Animals who live in earth they release urea. Like Human.

37
Q

Nervous system of earthworms? Oligochetas?

A

Brain has Neurosecretory cells.
They are endocrine in function and secrete neurohormone.
*their function is in the regulation of reproduction and regeneration.

38
Q

How is Axon of 🪱 earthworms?

A

Their Axon is myelinated.

39
Q

Do earthworms have eyes?

A

They do NOT have eyes, but have many photoreceptors in epidermis.

40
Q

Can earthworms defense themselves?

A

No, they are the most defenseless organism.
They also have Nonspecialized sense organs.

41
Q

Reproductive system of earthworms?

A

They are monoecious, it still practice cross-fertilization.
Female store sperm from male into seminal receptacles during copulation.
Reproduction can happen during any season.

42
Q

What secrete mucus in earthworm?

A

Clitellum secretes the mucus that hold the worms together.
After copulation a cocoon is formed around clitellum ➡️ and fertilization of eggs takes place in cocoon. ➡️ young adult emerges from eggs.

43
Q

Do earthworms have metamorphosis?

A

No they do not have any metamorphosis and they have direct development.

44
Q

What comes out of the cocoon of earthworm?

A

What comes out of the cocoon is very small and mature juvenile earthworm, and they do not have clitellum until adult.

45
Q

Why erathworms are coelomic animals?

A

Because peritoneum (it is a septum) which came from mesoderm.

46
Q

Class Hirudinea?

A

Hirudo medicinalis. (Leech) fresh water.
Leeches suck the blood from the wound or around the blood 🩸 vessels so it can release a the pressure, so blood vessels heal faster.

47
Q

Structure of leeches?

A

They force their pharynx or proboscis into soft tissue.
They have sawlike chitinous jaws.
They are temporary or permanent parasites.

48
Q

Do leeches have clitellum?

A

They have clitellum which only appears during breeding season, Hermaphroditic (monoecious).

49
Q

Do leeches have setae or appendages?

A

No,

50
Q

What suckers do leeches have?

A

They have anterior and posterior sucker.

51
Q

Structure of leeches?

A

Distinct coelomic compartment.
Coelom is found around gonads.
Septa dis disappeared except in one species.
Lacunae:- coelom which is filled with connective tissue.
They feed on almost all species, humans to insect.
Monoecious but still practice cross fertilization.
NO LARVA STAGE.
Gas exchange only through skin aquatic ones in gills.

52
Q

The worlds largest leech?

A

Haementeria Ghilianii

53
Q

Leeches are?

A

Eucoelomates animals.

Biology Exam 4 (8 decks)

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