Phylum Chordata Flashcards
Animal Kingdom
1. Porifera
2. Cnidaria
3. Platyhelminthes
4. Annelida
5. Nematoda
6. Mollusca
7. Arthropoda
8. Echinodermata
9. Chordata
Prince
Charles
Plays
Awesome
New
Music
And
Eats
Cucumbers
Chordata
-~60,000 species
-sister to phylum _____________
-both _______
-contain _________
-chordata is the ONLY phylum that contains _____________
-echinoderm
-deuterostomes
-endoskeleton
-vertebrates
Chordata
Synapomorphies:
All chordates exhibit the following traits at some point in their ___________:
1. Notochord (_________)
2. Hollow, dorsal __________(_______)
3. Pharyngeal ________ –> humans=_______
4. ______________ –> humans= gets absorbed before birth
-development
-backbone
-nerve cord
-spinal cord/brain
-gills/slits
-middle ear cavity
-postanal tail
Chordate Diversity
Prochordates
Invertebrate Chordates
-Notochord persists ______________
-______ replaced by a vertebral column
1. Sea Squirts/ Tunicates (Subphylum Urochordata)
2. Lancelets ** (Subphylum Cephalochordata)
-throughout life
-NEVER
Vertebrates
Subphylum Vertebrata
-Animals that have their ___________ with a vertebral column (backbone) during development
-protect _________
-provide attachment points for __________
-gives animal greater range of __________
-notochord replaced
-spinal cord
-muscles
-movement
Chordate Diversity
Jawless Fishes
1. Hagfishes (not vertebrates)
2. Lampreys (vertebrate)
-have cranium
-lack _____
-jawless fishes
-long, slender bodies with ______
-specialized sense organs clustered near head end
-jaws
-gills
Chordate Diversity
3. Chondrichthyes
Cartilaginous Fishes
-include ________, skates, _____
-most _______ clade of fishes
-800 species
-__________ are made of _________
-sharks
-rays
-ancient
-skeletons
-cartilage
Chordate Diversity
4. Actinopterygii
Ray finned Fishes (bony fishes)
-__________ species
-most _________ group of vertebrates
-fan-shaped fins, consist of slender, __________ (“rays”) supporting thin, flexible webs of skin
-include: eels, minnows, catfish, trout, tuna, salmon
->30,000
-species rich
-bony spines
- Sarcopterygii
Lobe finned fishes
-______ species
-most closely related to _____________
-have lungs and fleshy fins used to “walk” along bottom substrate
-include lungfishes and ___________
-10
-tetrapods
-coelacanths
Tetrapods
-tetra= 4 poda =feet
-chordates with __________
-several traits important for living __________ (e.g sturdy appendages)
-evolved in ___________ inhabiting fishes
-tetrapods made the transition from aquatic to ______________
-includes : amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals
-4 limbs
-on land
-shallow-water
-terrestrial life
Chordate Diversity
6. Amphibians
-_________ tetrapods
-retain a strong link to ________
-need water to ___________
-larvae respire through external ______
-adults have _________ but not very efficient
->6500 species
-includes: frogs, toads, newts, salamanders, caecilians
-first
-water
-reproduce
-gills
-lungs
Chordate Diversity
7. Reptiles
->10,000 species
-______ terrestrial
-________ fertilization
-scaly skin
-amniote (along with _____ and __________)
-amniotic membranes allow eggs to _________________
-includes: turtles, lizards, snakes, tuatara, crocodilians
-fully
-internal
-birds
-mammals
-develop on land
Chordate Diversity
Birds (Aves)
-~10,000 species
-amniotes
-have feathers and _________ adapted for flight
-although usually grouped separately, birds are actually most closely related to ______________ so they are considered ___________
-hollow bones
-crocodilians
-reptiles
Chordate Diversity
9. Mammals
-6,800 species
-amniotes
Distinguishing characteristics:
1. __________ glands
2. skin is keratin-rich and water-proof, produces _______
-hair composed of keratin
-other structures from keratin (ex. horns, hooves, claws, and nails)
-mammary
-hair
