Phylogeography Flashcards

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1
Q

Define phylogeography.

A

Phylogenetics within species with the aim of understanding historical processes that account for the present day distribution of genetic variation.

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2
Q

Define vicariance.

A

Separation of populations preventing gene flow among subpopulations.

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3
Q

Define dispersal.

A

The movement of individuals from their birth site allowing for gene flow.

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4
Q

What mappings of phylogeny are caused by vicariance and dispersal?

A

Vicariance leads to neat mapping of geography onto haplotypes.
Dispersal leads to poor mapping of geography onto haplotypes.

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5
Q

Why is studying phylogeography useful?

A

Can infer evolutionary history of populations and provide insights on current relationships among populations.

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6
Q

What is the main molecular marker in phylogeographic studies of animals?

A

mtDNA

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7
Q

What are some features of using mtDNA as a marker?

A
Maternally inherited.
High mutation rates.
No recombination.
Easy to amplify.
Great for animals.
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8
Q

What is the main molecular marker in phylogeographic studies of plants?

A

cpDNA

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9
Q

What is coalescent theory?

A

Tracing alleles back in time to a single common ancestor.

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10
Q

What is coalescent theory used for?

A

To estimate the time (number of generations) since lineages coalesced.

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11
Q

What were the refugial sites in Europe during the Pleistocene Ice Age (18,000-20,000 years ago)?

A

The Iberian Peninsula, the Appenine Peninsula and the Balkan Peninsula.

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12
Q

Why is there less genetic diversity in the northern latitudes? Consider the effects of the last ice age.

A

Small populations lived in refugia further south. When the ice melted some recolonised but as they travelled they were serially bottlenecked

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13
Q

How is phylogeography important in the control of invasive Rhododendrons in Britain?

A

The genomes of the plants can be analysed and then used to locate the source of the invasive plants.

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