DNA Fingerprinting Flashcards

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1
Q

What are microsatellites?

A

Repetitive DNA regions with high mutation rate and therefore high diversity in populations. Tandem repeats of short DNA fragments (2-5bp).

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2
Q

How are microsatellites used in cancer diagnosis?

A

Microsatellites may be lost or gained rapidly in tumour cells during mitosis so tumour cells might show different genetic fingerprints to normal host cells.

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3
Q

How are microsatellites used in genetic linkage analysis?

A

Scan to locate any genes responsible for a given phenotype or disease. Used to discover Type II diabetes and prostate cancer genes.

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4
Q

How are microsatellites used in wildlife forensics?

A

They can reduce illegal trafficking of flora and fauna by supporting wildlife crime investigations.

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5
Q

Describe a molecular marker.

A

A genetic difference that is not the target gene.
Does not affect target phenotype.
All markers occupy loci.

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6
Q

What is an amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)?

A

A PCR-based technique that uses selective amplification of a subset of digested DNA fragments to generate and compare unique fingerprints for genomes of interest.

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7
Q

What are the benefits of using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs)?

A

No prior information is needed regarding the targeted genome.
High reproducibility.
High sensitivity.

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8
Q

What do linkage maps involved?

A

Markers being mapped into groupings according to chromosomes using software.

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9
Q

What are quantitative trait loci (QTLs)?

A

Genomic regions that are associated with effects on quantitative regions.

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10
Q

What is required for quantitative trait loci mapping?

A

1) A saturated linkage map.
2) Reliable phenotypic screening.
3) A suitable population generated from contrasting parents.

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11
Q

What is the output from quantitative trait loci mapping and what does it mean?

A

A LOD score - logarithm of odds. This is the chance of a trait/marker being linked. LOD = 3 means a 1 in a 1000 chance.

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