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Phylogeny & Ontogeny of the Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

Developmental history of the immune system during evolution

A

Phylogeny

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2
Q

Development of the immune system as a comparative relation of man and other animals

A

Phylogeny

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3
Q

It is the most developed and most complex immune system

A

Man

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4
Q

Select all that applies:
What are part of the Evidences in Man.
a. Cells are highly specialized and Demonstrable hallmarks
b. Ability to reject graft and mount the response is reasonably developed at birth
c. Well developed complement system and immune-system organs
d.Separate function of humoral and cellular immunity
e. Well developed immune system within a species

A

A,B,C,D

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5
Q

What is the INCORRECT functions of lymphoid tissues?
a. To provide an environment for the maturation of the immune system’s immature cells
b. To provide an efficient vehicle for the disbursement of antibodies and other soluble factors from lymphocytes and other immune cells
c. Organized cylindrical clusters of lymphocytes.
d. Concentrate lymphocytes into organs that drain areas of antigen insult
e. Permit the interaction of different classes of lymphocytes

A

C

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6
Q

A tissue in which lymphocytes are found

A

Lymphoid tissue

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7
Q

Diffuse arrangements of individual cells of encapsulated organs

A

Lymphoid tissue

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8
Q

Organized cylindrical clusters of lymphocytes that, when gathered into groups, are called

A

Lymphoid patches

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9
Q

Usually groups of follicles that are surrounded or encapsulated by specialized supporting tissues and membranes

A

Lymphoid organs

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10
Q

(Arrange)Lymphoid Tissue Organization
1. Organ
2. Patch
3. Diffuse lymphocytes
4. Follicle

A

3,4,2,1

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11
Q

What are the primary Lymphoid Tissues?

A

Thymus and Bone Marrow

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12
Q

What are the tissues in BALT(Bronchus-associated lymhpoid tissues)?

A

Lower respiratory mucose & Bronchial patches

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13
Q

What are the tissues in NALT (Nasal-associated Lymphoid Tissues)

A

Pharyngeal tonsils
Palastine tonsils
Lingual tonsils
Upper respiratory mucosa

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14
Q

What are the tissues in GALT (gut-associated lymphoid tissues)

A

Intestinal mucosa
Peyer’s patches
Appendix

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15
Q

Lymphocytes develop and central tolerance is established

A

Primary Lymphoid Tissues

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16
Q

What are the sites that T cells migrates?

A

Bone Marrow
Thymus

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17
Q

True/False:
All lymphocytes arise frim HSCs in the bone marrow and T cells mature in this site

A

False

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18
Q

What is the Percentage of Thymus in T lymphocytes?

A

100%

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19
Q

What is the Percentage of Blood in T lymphocytes?

A

80%

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20
Q

What is the Percentage of Lymph nodes in T lymphocytes?

A

60%

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21
Q

What is the Percentage of Spleen in T lymphocytes?

A

45%

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22
Q

What is the Percentage of Bone Marrow in T lymphocytes?

A

10%

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23
Q

It is the Primary Site of hematopoiesis in the adult human

A

Bone Marrow

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24
Q

How many percent does bone marrow had in myeloid lineage cells

A

60-70%

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25
Percentage of Bone Marrow in erythroid lineage cells
20-30%
26
Percentage of bone marrow in lymphoid lineage cells
10%
27
Where does the immature T cells complete their development?
Thymus
28
remainder consisting of mast lineage cells plus various other non-hematopoietic cell types such as ____ & _____
Stromal cells,adipocytes
29
Sites for antigen-driven immune cells
Secondary Lymphoid Tissues
30
Antigen-dependent lymphocyte didferentiation occurs in:
Secondary Lymphoid Tissues
31
It is the major site for the interaction of lymphocytes with antigen during a primary adaptive response
Lymph Nodes
32
It occur along the entire length of lymphatic system but are clustered in a few key regions
Lymph nodes
33
Lymph nodes has a bean shaped, encapsulated structures, and it has a diameter of?
2–10mm
34
It contains a large number of lymphocytes, FDCs and APCs
Lymph nodes
35
What are the parts of Lymph nodes?
Cortex, Paracortex, Medulla
36
Contains large numbers of resting B cells, FDCs and macrophages arraged in lymphoid follicles
Cortex
37
Home to many T cells and thymic DCs
Paracortex
38
Antibody secreting plasma cells
Medulla
39
Abdominal organ that traps blood-borne antigens
Spleen
40
Each arteriole in the spleen is encased by ______.
Periarteriolar Lymphoid Sheath
41
Containing low numbers of plasma cells, macrophaged and conventional DCs
Periarteriolar Lymphoid Sheath
42
Resting B cells and macrophages
Lymphoid follicles
43
Surrounding the follicles is the:
Marginal Zone
44
Contains particular B cell subsets
Marginal Zone
45
Contain splenic arterioles with their PALS, the follicles and the marginal zone
White Pulp
46
Consist of splenic cords and venous sinuses.
Red Pulp
47
It has a function of filtering of particulate material from the blood
Red pulp
48
Disposal of senescent or defective erythrocytes and lymphocytes
Red Pulp
49
Where do we find Langerhans cells
Epidermis
50
What do we found in Dermis?
T cells, dermal DCs, macrophages
51
Entire network of vessels and ducts that collects and channels the lymph and its contents throughout the body
Lymphatic system
52
It empties the lymph into the right subclavian vein
Right lymphatic duct
53
It connects with the left subclavian vein
Thoracic duct
54
What are the phases of B cell development
Maturation Phase, Differentiation Phase
55
(Arrange) Major Developmental Stages: a. Mitochondrial Processing Peptides b. Common Lymphoid Progenitor c. Pre-B cells d. Hematopoietic Stem Cell e. Pro-B cells f. Mature naive B cell g. Immature naive B cell h. Transitional B cell
d->a->b->e->c->g->h->f
56
Earliest B cell precursor recognized by the presence of a surface molecule called
CD45R
57
Ig genes that have yet to undergo V(D)J recombination
Igh,Igk,Igl
58
most important; regulates proliferation and differentiatin of B cell precursors
Interleukin-7
59
What are the distinctive markers in Progenitor B cells?
CD19,CD45R,CD43,CD24, c-Kit
60
interacts with a cell surface molecule called stem cell factor
c-Kit
61
Co-receptor that helps to regulate further B cell development & activation
CD19
62
membrane gp found on all HO cells but the type found on B cells is the largest form designated
CD45
63
tyrosine-specific phosphatase involved in signaling in B cell division
CD45R
64
remain on cell surface throughout subsequent developmental stages
CD19,CD24,&CD43
65
First heavy chains synthesized
u chains
66
Intracellular proteins found:
TdT (terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase) RAG-1&RAG-2 (recombination-activating genes) enzymes
67
Consist of 2 heavy chains with surrogate light chains+ 2 very short chains
Pre-B cell receptor
68
What are the 2 very short chains?
Iga & Igb
69
What chromosome # is kappa?
Chromosome 2
70
What chromosome # is lambda?
Chromosome 22
71
receptor for C3d
CD21
72
They are important for interaction of B cells with T cells
CD40 & MHC Class II molecules
73
The cell is given a brief period to try to further rearrange its Ig loci and stave off apoptosis by altering its antigenic specificity. This secondary gene rearrangement is called _________.
Receptor Editing
74
3 Major Classes of B cell Immunogens
T-Independent-1 Antigens T-Independent-2 Antigens T-Indipendent-3 Antigens
75
T cell help allowd activated B cells to undergo:
-Somatic hypermutation -Isotype switching -Memory B cell production
76
Direct interaction with T cells for B cells. (Td Antigen-Ti-1 antigen, Ti-2 antigen)
Yes-No-No
77
Requires T cell cytokines(Td Antigen,Ti-1 antigen, Ti-2 Antigen)
Yes-No-Yes
78
Epitope Structure (Td Antigen,Ti-1 antigen, Ti-2 Antigen)
Unique-Mitogen-Repetitive
79
Proteins (Td Antigen,Ti-1 antigen, Ti-2 Antigen)
Yes-Could be-Could be
80
Polysaccharide (Td Antigen,Ti-1 antigen, Ti-2 Antigen)
No-Could be-Could be
81
Relative response time (Td Antigen,Ti-1 antigen, Ti-2 Antigen)
Slow-Fast-Fast
82
Dominant Ab isotypes (Td Antigen,Ti-1 antigen, Ti-2 Antigen)
IgG, IgE, IgA-IgM, IgG (rarely)-IgM, IgG (sometimes)
83
Diversity of antibodies (Td Antigen,Ti-1 antigen, Ti-2 Antigen)
High-Low-Low
84
Stimulates immature and Neonatal B cells (Td Antigen,Ti-1 antigen, Ti-2 Antigen)
No-Yes-No
85
Polyclonal B cell activator (Td Antigen,Ti-1 antigen, Ti-2 Antigen)
No-Yes-No
86
Memory B cells generated
Yes-No-No
87
Magnitude of response upon a secondary exposure (Td Antigen,Ti-1 antigen, Ti-2 Antigen)
Secondary response level-Primary response level-Primary response level
88
Examples of Td Antigen
Diptheria toxin Purified Mycobacterium protein
89
Example of Ti-1 Antigen
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide
90
Example of Ti-2 Antigen
pneumonococcal polysaccharide
91
Give the Abbreviation,Description and Immunogen channeled of the given route. *ORAL
p.o—By mouth—MALT
92
Give the Abbreviation,Description and Immunogen channeled of the given route. *INTRAVENOUS
i.v—Into a blood vessel—Spleen
93
Give the Abbreviation,Description and Immunogen channeled of the given route. *INTRAPERITONEAL
i.p—Into a peritoneal cavity—Spleen
94
Give the Abbreviation,Description and Immunogen channeled of the given route. *INTRAMASCULAR
i.m—Into a muscle—Regional Lymph node
95
Give the Abbreviation,Description and Immunogen channeled of the given route. *INTRANASAL
i.n—Into the nose—MALT
96
Give the Abbreviation,Description and Immunogen channeled of the given route. *SUBCUTANEOUS
s.c.—Into the fatty hypodermin layer beneath the skin—Regional Lymph node
97
Give the Abbreviation,Description and Immunogen channeled of the given route. *INTRADERMAL
i.d.—Into the dermis layer of skin—SALT
98
Short-lived plasma produced in
Spleen
99
Short-lived plasma cells have a half-life of:
3 to 5 days
100
Long-lived plasma cells have a shape of:
Spherical/Ellipsoidal
101
Long-lived plasma cells have a size of:
10-20um
102
What antibodies can secrete in Long-lived Plasma cells?
IgG, IgA, and/or IgE
103
transcriptional repressor which blocks the plasma cell differentiation pathway
Bcl-6

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