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BIOL 204 > Phylogeny > Flashcards

Phylogeny Flashcards

1
Q

Ancestral characteristic synonym

A

Plesiomorphic

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2
Q

Derived characteristic synonym

A

Apomorphic

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3
Q

Synapomorphy

A

Derived character/trait that is shared between two or more taxa

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4
Q

Monophyletic group

A

An ancestor and all of its descendants

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5
Q

Paraphyletic group

A

An ancestor and some of its descendants

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6
Q

Polyphetic group

A

Taxa that are not descended from an immediate common ancestor

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7
Q

Chordate characteristics (5)

A

1) Dorsal hollow nerve chord
2) Notochord
3) Pharyngeal slits
4) Post-anal tail
5) Endostyle (thyroid)

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8
Q

Embryonic origin of dorsal hollow nerve cord

A

Ectoderm

neural tube

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9
Q

Embryonic origin of notochord

A

Mesoderm

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10
Q

Chordata subphylums

A

Cephalochordata, urochordata, vertebrata

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11
Q

Urochordata distinguishing features

A

Dramatic metamorphosis, filter feeding

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12
Q

Cephalochordata distinguishing features

A

No metamorphosis, filter feeding

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13
Q

Echinodermata distinguishing features

A

Dramatic metamorphosis, pentaradial symmetry in adults, bilateral symmetry in larvae

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14
Q

Hemichordata distinguishing features

A

Three sections: proboscis, collar, and trunk, no post-anal tail but has pharyngeal slits

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15
Q

Vertebrata distinguishing features

A

Vertebrae, very diverse, usually have red blood cells, brains, sense organs, a cranium, closed circulatory system. TBH, what you think of when you think “animal”

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16
Q

Agnatha

A

Jawless vertebrae

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17
Q

Gnathostomata

A

Jawed vertebrae

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18
Q

Agnathan classes

A

Myxinoidea (hagfish)

Petromyzontida (lampreys)

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19
Q

Protostome

A

blastopore = mouth hole

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20
Q

Deuterostome

A

blastopore = butt hole

21
Q

Amniotes

A

Organisms with amniotic eggs with EEM’s like chorion, allantois

22
Q

Anamniotes

A

Organism with anamniotic eggs (i.e. amphibians)

23
Q

Myxinoidea

A

Hagfish, agnathans

24
Q

Eutheria

A

Chorioallantoic EEM’s, live young, “us”

25
Q

Holocephali

A

Subgroup of chondrichthyes, contains ratfish

26
Q

Petromyzontida

27
Q

Elasmobranchii

A

Subgroup of chondrichthyes, contains rays, sharks

28
Q

Chondrichthyes

A

Cartilagenous fish

29
Q

Teleostei

A

Ray-finned fish (NOT to be confused with teleostomi, which is osteichthyes + tetrapods)

30
Q

Actinopterygii

A

Under paraphyletic group osteichthyes, also known as ray-finned fish.

31
Q

Sarcopterygii

A

Fleshy-finned fish, such as lungfish. Under paraphyletic group osteichthyes

32
Q

Osteichthyes

33
Q

Tetrapoda

A

Bony vertebrata with “legs”

34
Q

Teleostomi

A

Monophyletic group of osteichthyes + tetrapoda

35
Q

Amphibia

A

Anamniotic organisms with thin mucousy skin and aquatic young but terrestrial adults. Example: frogs, toads, salamanders

36
Q

Sauropsida

A

“Reptiles” and birds

37
Q

Parareptilia

A

Anapsid skulls (otic notch is analogous). Turtles

38
Q

Mammalia

A

Synapsid skulls, with fur and mammary glands, endothermy

39
Q

Monotremata

A

ECHIDNA AND PLATYPUS. OH MY GOSSSSHHHH PUGGLES

40
Q

Synapsida

A

Organisms with synapsid skulls (really for all intents and purposes synonymous with mammalia in this course)

41
Q

Eureptilia

A

Taxa containing archosauria and lepidosauria. Dyapsid skulls

42
Q

Archosauria

A

Contains aves, crocodilia, dinosauria (extinct)

43
Q

Lepidosauria

A

Contains squamata and sphenodonta

44
Q

Sphenodonta

A

Tuatara (huge-headed reptile lizard thing, it’s p. cool)

45
Q

Squamata

A

Snakes, lizards, amphisbaenids

46
Q

Aves

47
Q

Crocodilia

A

Crocodiles, alligators,

48
Q

Metatheria

A

Aka marsupials, yolk sac placenta, live but tiny and pouched young

BIOL 204 (5 decks)

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