Phylogenies & Relationships Flashcards
1
Q
Define cladistics.
A
Method of determining evolutionary histories - displayed as trees.
2
Q
Define clade.
A
Entire portion of phylogeny
from a single - or COMMON - ancestor.
3
Q
Define cladogram.
A
Evolutionary tree - no
ancestors but points where lineages
diverged.
4
Q
Define general homologous.
A
All species in lineage - eg. vertebrae.
5
Q
Define special homologous.
A
Few species in lineage - eg. indeterminate incisors.
6
Q
Define divergence.
A
Traits are unrecognisable.
7
Q
Define homoplasy.
A
Trait evolves more than once.
8
Q
Define monophyletic.
A
Share common ancestor.
9
Q
Define polyphyletic.
A
No common ancestor.
10
Q
Define paraphyletic.
A
Some, but not all, come from a common ancestor.
