Genome Structure

Question 1

Define the C-value paradox.

Answer 1

Differences in genome size due to:

• polyploidy
• genomes differ in the amount of repetitive DNA.

Question 2

What are telomeres?

Answer 2

Stretches of repeated sequences at either end of each chromosome that facilitate accurate copying of the linear DNA molecule.

Question 3

What are transposons?

Answer 3

Mobile DNA elements that can move from one place to another .

Question 4

What are retrotransposons?

Answer 4

Mobile DNA elements that can increase in copy number via the production of an RNA intermediate followed by insertion of a DNA copy into the genome.

Question 5

Define polyploidy.

Answer 5

More than two copies of the haploid chromosomes.

Question 6

Define euploidy.

Answer 6

Containing a chromosome number that is a multiple of the haploid number.

Question 7

Define aneuploidy.

Answer 7

Extra or fewer copies of one chromosome or part of a chromosomes guides.

Question 8

What is the dosage effect?

Answer 8

The more copies of genes there are, the greater the dosage.

Question 9

Define pseudogenes.

Answer 9

Functionless relatives of genes that have lost their gene expression and ability to code for a protein.