Phrases & Sentences Flashcards
What are the levels of language description and which fields study them?
sequences of sounds -> phonetics, phonology
sequences of morphemes -> morphology
sequences of words -> syntax
sequences of sentences -> pragmatics, discourse analysis, textology, literature
Grammar (in lingustics)
set of rules enabling to form sequences of words, may be seen as a representation of linguistic knowledge
Syntax
a rule o of sentence construction, a representation of the way phrases, clauses and sentences are build
Prescriptive grammar
sentences judged by a set number of rules; how one should use language properly
Descriptive grammar
sentences described as they are produced, actual use and patterns of language
Parts of speech
used to distinguish elements in a sentence
What are the parts of speech? List them.
nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions and pronouns
What 5 concepts do we use to describe how words form in longer sentences?
number, gender, person, agreement, tense, voice
Number
the number of people/objects that nouns can express: singular or plural
Gender
the sex of the objects: masculine, feminine or neuter
Person
the distinction between: the speaker, the addressee an the third part, expressed with pronouns
Agreement
all elements in the sentence have the same grammatical features
Tense
the form of the word which informs about time location
Voice
the role subjects serve, either an active doer or passive recipient
What is the purpose of structural analysis?
It shows how words are combined in a sequence and how smaller words are combined into phrases
