Phonetics Flashcards
Phonetics
study of speech sounds creation and their representation by letters.
What are the 3 reasons for phonetic study?
- a more formal description of speech sounds in native and foreign languages
- comparison between sounds
- improvement in pronunciation
Articulatory phonetics concerns…
how sounds are produced using the articulators.
Acoustic phonetics concerns…
speech signals (waves) produced during speech and transmission of speech through the air.
Auditory phonetics concerns…
how speech sounds are perceived by the listener.
What are the three systems of body organs responsible for the production of sound?
- RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
- PHONATORY SYSTEM
- ARTICULATORY SYSTEM
The RESPIRATORY SYSTEM consists of…
lungs, the diaphragm, bronchial tubes and trachea
The PHONATORY SYSTEM consists of…
the larynx and vocal cords
The ARTICULATORY SYSTEM consists of…
active and passive articulators situated above the glottis
The passive articulators are…
upper lip, upper teeth, lower teeth, roof of the mouth, pharynx
The active articulators are…
the lips, the tongue (tip, blade, front, back, root)
The function of the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM is…
providing stream of air necessary for sound production
The function of the PHONATORY SYSTEM is…
providing the passage of air and helping the process of swallowing
Egressive sound
sound produced during air exhalation
Ingressive sound
the sound produced during air inhalation
The sounds can be voiced or voiceless depending on…
the position of vocal chords.
Consonants
eggresive sound accompanied by obstruction or friction in the articulators
Where is the place of articulation in BILABILAS?
both lips - p, b, m, w
Where is the place of articulation in DENTALS?
tongue tip and upper lip/teeth - “th” sounds
Where is the place of articulation in LABIODENTALS?
upper teeth and lower lip - f, v
Where is the place of articulators in ALVEOLARS?
tongue front and alveolar ridge - t, d, z, s, n, r, l
Where is the place of articulation in PALATAL-ALVEOLARS?
the tongue and the front of the palate [ʃ], [ʒ], [tʃ], [dʒ] - dż sounds
Where is the place of articulation in PALATALS?
the tongue in the middle of the palate [j]
Where is the place of articulation in VELARS?
the back of the tongue and the velum [k], [g], [ŋ]
Where is the place of articulation in GLOTTALS?
open glottis, no active participation of other articulators [h]
Which sounds are STOPS and what characterizes them?
the complete stopping of air stream [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g]
Which sounds are FRICATIVES and what characterizes them?
fricative stricture [f], [v], [θ], [ð], [s], [z], [ʃ], [ʒ], [h]
Which sounds are AFFRICATIVES and what characterizes them?
stopping and friction [tʃ]choke, [dʒ]joke
Which sounds are NASALS and what characterizes them?
velum lowered, air escapes through the nasal cavity [m], [n], [ŋ]
Which sounds are APPROXIMANTS and what characterizes them?
approximant stricture [w], [j], [h]
Which sounds are LIQUIDS?
[l], [r]
Which sounds are GLOTTAL STOPS and what characterizes them?
vocal cords are closed ([ʔ])
What articulation is in FLAPS?
tip of the tongue against the upper part of the mouth [ɾ]
Vowels
the most sonorant and audible sounds, nucleons of the syllable, oral sounds
Depending on what can vowels be classified?
- the position of the tongue -> high, mid, low
- the position of the mandible (żuchwa) -> open, close
- the part of the tongue -> front, central, back
- the shape of the lips -> rounded, unrounded
Monophong
single vowel sounds within a syllable
Dipthong
two vowel sounds combined within a syllable
Triphong
three vowel sounds combined within a syllable
