PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION Flashcards
WHAT ARE THE 7 LIFE PROCESSES
MRS GREN
MOVEMENT
RESPIRATION
SENSITIVITY
GROWTH
REPRODUCTION
EXCRETION
NUTRITION
Energy that sun produces
RADIANT ENERGY not light energy
What do plants only use from the sun
Light energy
What are the only organisms that can absorb radiant energy and turn it into food
- Plants
- A few sea slugs
3.Cyanobacteria
Photosynthesis
1.CHLOROPHYLL CELLS ABSORB THE RADIANT ENERGY from the sun
2.in a series of CHEMICAL REACTIONS
3. To change
(i) CO2 from AIR
(ii) WATER from the SOIL
4. Into GLUCOSE
5. Process releases O2
Complete labels A to D flow diagram of photosynthesis
A. RADIANT ENERGY
B. CHLOROPHYLL (PIGMENT) WHICH IS FOUND INSIDE CHLOROPLAST (SMALL STRUCTURES, WHICH ARE INSIDE THE CELLS OF LEAVES AND STEMS)
3. CO2 & WATER
4. GLUCOSE (C6H12O6) & O2
Label A to E of attached photosynthesis of leaf diagram
A. LIGHT
B.CO2
C.H20
D. GLUCOSE
E. O2
Where does photosynthesis take place
In small structures called CHLOROPLASTS
CHLOROPLASTS are ORGANELLES IN PLANT, which are inside the cells of LEAVES or STEM
Inside chloroplasts is green PIGMENT called CHLOROPHYLL
THE CHLOROPHYLL CELLS ABSORB THE RADIANT ENERGY (ONLY FUNCTION OF CHLOROPHYLL IS TRAP SUNLIGHT ENERGY)
PHOTOSYNTHESIS can only TAKE PLACE in GREEN PLANTS THAT HAVE CHLOROPLASTS
What give chloroplast a green color
The green pigment CHLOROPHYLL
What is chlorophyll function
TO TRAP the radiant energy
It is not produced or used during photosynthesis
COMPLETE A TO D OF ATTACHED PHOTOSYNTHESIS EQUATION DIAGRAM
A==Water taken up by roots and transported through the xylem to leaves
B==CO2 diffuses into the leaf through stomata
C==GLUCOSE used to make food for plant
C==GLUCOSE used in respiration to release energy
D== O2 diffuses out the leaf through the stomata - Used in respiration
Two functions of glucose in plant
- USED to MAKE FOOD for plant
- STORE glucose or convert into other CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
What is Glucose SOLUBLE in and how is this USEFUL to the plant
- Glucose is SOLUBLE in WATER
- Useful - it means it can TRANSPORT GLUCOSE in WATER to where it is NEEDED in the PLANT
How does the Plant STORE GLUCOSE
- To STORE glucose, it needs to CONVERT the glucose into a COMPOUND
- COMPOUNDS are INSOLUBLE in H20. Can convert Glucose into:
(i) STARCH (INSOLUBLE in H20); or
(ii) OTHER CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS to ENABLE PROCESSES in plant (eg REPRODUCTION and GROWTH)
What do plants USE sugar/glucose for OTHER THAN TO MAKE FOOD
As a BASIC MOLECULE from which to MAKE HUNDREDS of OTHER COMPOUNDS, such as
- PROTEINS
- OILS
- VITAMINS
- COLOURFUL PIGMENTS in flowers
- STRONG TASTING CHEMICALS (HOT CHILLI PLANT)
- SWEET TASTING NECTAR
- SWEET SMELLING FRAGRANCES
What is the compound formula for Glucose
C6H12O6
Why does plant need to STORE glucose
- To CONVERT into OTHER CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS to enable OTHER PROCESSES in plant (eg. GROWTH & REPRODUCTION)
- To store for times when NOT ENOUGH WATER or NOT ENOUGH SUNLIGHT or WINTER when PHOTOSYNTHESIS SLOWS DOWN/CAN’T TAKE PLACE
Why do bananas sweeten as they ripen
As bananas ripen, the STARCH CONVERTED into GLUCOSE
How do we test a leaf for starch
- Boil the leaf water - to break down the cell wall of the leaf to make it soft
- The alcohol must be boiled first and not over a flame as alcohol is flammable
- Put the leaf in the boiled alcohol - to remove the chlorophyll from the leaf
- Wash the leave in hot water after being boiling in alcohol - to soft the leaf
- Place leaf on white tile and cover in Iodine solution
- The leaf goes dark brown/black mean STARCH IS PRESENT
How to test whether cholophyll is necessary for photosynthesis
- Same as steps in STARCH TEST
- EXCEPT use a VARIEGATED LEAF (parts are GREEN and parts are WHITE)
- The GREEN PART WILL GO DARK - which shows STARCH/GLUCOSE is present (ie photosynthesis has taken place)
- WHITE part STAYS THE SAME
What is a leaf called that has GREEN Parts and WHITE parts
VARIEGATED leaf
What is the test to see if LIGHT is necessary for PHOTOSYNTHESIS
- Put a green plant in the sunlight
- Cover one of its leaves with aluminium foil
- Leave in sunlight for 3 days
- Then remove aluminium strip
- Carry out STARCH TEST steps (first prac) - ie put iodine on green leaf and leaf that was covered in aluminium foil
- Results - covered area turned brown. Uncovered turned black (has starch - photosynthesis)
- Therefore sunlight energy is necessary for photosynthesis
What is the test to see if OXYGEN is given off during photosynthesis
- Place a WATER PLANT like ELODEA in the trough
- Invert (upside down) the funnel over water plant allowing funnel to rest on floor of beaker
- Fill test tube with water and invert (upside down) over inverted funnel (where tube of funnel opens up)
- Place in sun light for 3 days
- Results - the plants releases BUBBLES OF GAS which collect in test tube which confirms gas
- TEST GAS TO SEE IF O2 - splint relights = O2
- What are 2 constant variables = amount of sunlight days and same type of plant
- What is a control that can be setup for this experiment = the same setup take away sunlight/radiant energy
- What is the independent variable = amount sunlight energy
- What result between CONTROL and EXPERIMENT = CONTROL DOES NOT PRODUCE O2, EXPERIMENT DOES
- How do you prove gas given is O2 - the SPLINT ignites = O2
Test to show if CO2 necessary for photosynthesis
- 2 green plants in 2 bell jars - PLANT A and PLANT B
- Seal bell jars with VASELINE - so air doesn’t get in
- DESTARCH BOTH PLANTS before putting in bell jars - DESTARCH BY LEAVING IN DARK CUPBOARD FOR 2 TO 3 DAYS
- Plant A put POTASSIUM HYROXIDE SOLUTION (ABSORBS CO2) in beaker next to plant inside Bell Jar - THEREFORE AIR INSIDE PLANT A BELL JAR WILL HAVE NO CO2 AS ABSORBED by potassium hydroxide solution
- Plant B put WATER in beaker next to plant inside bell jar - THEREFORE AIR INSIDE PLANT B BELL JAR WILL HAVE AIR WITH CO2 IN IT
- RESULTS - PLANT A WITH NO CO2 INSIDE BELL JAR TESTED NEGATIVE FOR STARCH BECAUSE IT TURNED BROWN; PLANT B WITH CO2 INSIDE BELL JAR TESTED POSITIVE FOR STARCH AS IT TURNED BLACK
