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LSFC Grade 9 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the digestive system

A
  1. Breakdown food into substances called NUTRIENTS
  2. That will DISSOLVE in H20
  3. Only when dissolved in H20 can food be ABSORBED
  4. Into the BLOOD
  5. And carried to CELLS where it is used
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2
Q

Label 1 to 27 of the attached Digestive System Diagram

A

1.Salivary glands:
2.Parotid
3. Submandibular
4.Sublingual
5.Esophagus
6.Stomach
7. Pancreas
8. Pancreas duct
9. Small Intestine:
10. Duedenum
11. Jejunum
12. Ileum
13. Anus
14 Rectum
15. Appendix
16 Cecum
20 Colon:
19 Transverse colon
18. Ascending colon
17 Descending colon
21 Common bile duct
22. Gall bladder
23. Liver
24. Tongue
25. Uvula
26. Oral cavity
27 Pharynx (throat)

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3
Q

What are the main components (the Alimentary Canal) of the Digestive System

A
  1. Mouth
  2. Oesophagus
  3. Stomach
  4. Small Intestine (duodenum, Jejunum, ileum)
  5. Large intestine (Cecum, colon, rectum)
  6. Anus
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4
Q

What are the small intestine components

A
  1. Duodenum (bottom of stomach entry into small intestine)
  2. Jejunum (middle of small intestine)
  3. ileum (bottom of small intestine)
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5
Q

What the components of the Large intestine

A
  1. Cecum
  2. Colon
  3. Rectum
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6
Q

What are the ACCESSORY ORGANS in the Digestive system

A
  1. Tongue
  2. Teeth
  3. Liver
  4. Gall bladder
  5. Pancreas
  6. Appendix
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7
Q

What are 5 the Processes of the Digestive System

A
  1. Ingestion
  2. Digestion
    3.Absorption
  3. Secretion
  4. Egestion
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8
Q

What is Ingestion

A

The process of taking in food

Into the body through the mouth

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9
Q

What is the process of Digestion

A

In the stomach and Intestine

Chemicals called ENZYMES

Turn food into SOLUBLE food molecules (dissolve in H20)

That can be carried in the BLOOD STREAM

To the CELLS

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10
Q

What is Absorption

A

Movement of digested, soluble food molecules

Through the wall of the digestive system

INTO the blood

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11
Q

What is Secretion

A

When the body releases

Useful products

Such as enzymes

To assist in digestion

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12
Q

What is Egestion

A

The passing out of food

That is not digested in form of faeces

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13
Q

Define NUTRITION

A

The PROCESS by which LIVING ORGANISMS

TAKE in food

And USE it for:
- Energy
- Growth and
- Repair

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14
Q

Why doe we need nutrients

A

For
1. Growth
2. Energy
3. health
4. Repair and replacement of worn and damaged tissue

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15
Q

What are the basic nutrients

A
  1. Proteins
  2. Carbs
  3. Fats
  4. Vitamins
  5. Minerals
  6. Water
  7. Fibre
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16
Q

What is the function of Protein and source

A

Building blocks for growth and repair

Source - meat, fish, eggs, beans, dairy products

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17
Q

What is the function of carbohydrates

A

Source of instant energy

Source:
1.Sugar
2. starch foods (potatoes, rice, maize meal, bread, pastas)
3. Certain fruit & veg

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18
Q

What is the function of fats and source

A

Reserve source of energy

Insulation

Protective package around organs

Source:
Oils, nuts, butter, certain meat and dairy products

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19
Q

What is the function of vitamins

A

Ensures normal growth and development

Keeps body healthy

Helps fight infections

Source:
Fresh fruit & veg
Dairy products
Whole wheat
Meat
Fish
Eggs

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20
Q

What is the function of minerals and Source

A

Ensures normal growth and development

IRON is is good for the blood

CALCIUM for bones and teeth

MAGNESIUM for nerves

Sources
Meat and eggs
Fruit and veg
Dairy products

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21
Q

What is the function and source of water

A

Makes up most of the body

Supplies fluid medium

In which chemical processes take place

Source
Drinking water
Fruit
Drink
Food

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22
Q

What is function of fibre and source

A

Forms bulk of faeces

Prevents constipation

Prevents certain types of cancer

Source:
Cereals
Bread
Fruit & veg

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23
Q

What is digestion

A

Breaking down of

organic food compounds

To their simplest form

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24
Q

What are the 2 types of digestion

A
  1. Mechanical (think of teeth)

Special organs
-chew
-tear
-stir
-push
-mix
- grind

Food (physicsal breakdown)

  1. Chemical digestion

Ground food is broken down further

By special chemicals called digestive ENZYMES (stomach & intestines)

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25
Q

The human digestive system consists of 2 main groups of organs

A
  1. ALIMENTARY CANAL
    • mouth
    • oseophogus
    • stomach
    • small intestine (duodenum, Jejunum, ileum
      - large intestine (colon, Cecum, and rectum)
      - anus
  2. ACCESSORY ORGANS
    • Teeth
    • tongue
    • salaivary glands
    • liver
    • gall bladder
    • pancreas
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26
Q

What is the purpose of the mouth lips

A

Prevent food from falling from mouth

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27
Q

The mouth also has teeth. Name the types of teeth

A
  1. Incisor - cutting food
  2. Canine - for tearing food
  3. Premolars - crushing and grinding food
  4. Molars - crushing and grinding food
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28
Q

What is the tongue

A

It is a muscular organ

With the back end attached to the

Floor of the mouth

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29
Q

What are the functions of the tongue

A

1.Taste buds - so it is the taste organ
2. helps with chewing
3. Rolls food into a bolus
4. Assists in swallowing
5. Helps with speech (not a digestive function)

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30
Q

What is the purpose of the salivary glands

A

Secrete saliva

Through ducts

In the mouth cavity

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31
Q

What is the length of Oesophagus

A

Approx 25cm

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32
Q

Where is the oesophagus

A

Stretches from the pharynx

To the stomach

Behind the trachea

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33
Q

What is the function of the oesophagus

A
  1. Ensures food and liquids reach the stomach

Made possible by INVOLUNTARY wave like muscular contractions called PERISTALSIS

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34
Q

What is Peristalsis

A

the involuntary wave-like contractions

Of the Oesophagus

To ensure food and liquids reach the stomach

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35
Q

Where is the stomach

A

Found in the abdominal cavity

Under the diaphragm

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36
Q

Describe the stomach

A

Its a bag-like organ

With thick muscular walls

Circular muscles that serve as valves - open and close when necessary

Food remains in the stomach for 3 hours before being changed into CHYME (grey coloured liquid mass of food)

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37
Q

How long does food remain in the stomach before the food changes into what substance

A

For 3 hours

Before the food changes into CHYME (grey colored liquid mass of food)

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38
Q

What are the functions stomach

A
  1. Temporarily STORE the food
  2. PERISTALTIC movements grind the the food even finer
  3. Glands in the walls of the stomach secret GASTRIC JUICES which contains ENZYMES that break down food
  4. Certain foods are ABSORBED here and move to the BLOOD STREAM
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39
Q

What is the small intestine

A

Elastic, muscular tube of approx 5 to 6 metres in length

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40
Q

How long is the small intestine

A

5 to 6 m

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41
Q

The functions of the small intestine

A
  1. Glands in the wall of small intestine

Secrete INTESTINAL JUICES which contain ENZYMES that break down the food

  1. ABSORBTION of digested food takes place here
  2. VILLI (finger-like protusions) enhance ABSORBTION
    • increasing the inner surface
      -retarding the speed of move movement of digested food
    • Ensure that dissolved food comes in close contact with blood vessels
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42
Q

What is the length of the large intestine

A

1.5m length and 70mm in diameter

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43
Q

What are 3 parts/section of the large intestine

A
  1. Caecum
  2. Colon
  3. Rectum
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44
Q

What is the Cecum

A

Part where the small intestine joins onto the large intestine

The appendix is found at the lower end

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45
Q

Describe the colon part of the large intestine

A

The largest of the large intestine
- stretches upwards
- across a
- and downwards
In the abdominal cavity

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46
Q

Describe the rectum in the large intestine

A

The last region of the large intestine

Faeces is stored here before it is EGESTED out of the anus

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47
Q

What is the opening to the outside of the intestine called

A

The anus

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48
Q

What’s are the functions of the large intestine

A
  1. Undigested food temporarily stored here before being egested/defaecated
  2. Excess water, mineral salts and certain vitamins are absorbed
  3. Glands in the walls secrete MUCOUS to assist MOVEMENT OF FAECES
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49
Q

Label 1 to 5 of the diagram of this section of the digestive system

A
  1. Esophogus
  2. Diaphragm
  3. lower esophogral sphincter
  4. Stomach
  5. Duodenum
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50
Q

Label 1 to 8 of the large intestine diagram

A
  1. Appendix/Appendicits
  2. Cecum
  3. Ascending colon
  4. Transverse colon
  5. Descending colon
  6. Sigmoid colon(part of the colon in large intestine that is closed to the rectum)
  7. Rectum
  8. Anus
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51
Q

Label A to K of Digestive System diagram

A

A. Oral Cavity
B. Saliva gland (sublingual)
C. Esophogus
D. Liver
E. Stomach
F. Pancreas
G. Small intestine
H. Large intestine
I. Rectum
J. Anus
K. Appendix/Appendicits

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52
Q

What are the health issues of the Digestive systems

A
  1. Abuse of alcohol
  2. Malnutrition
  3. Dietary diseases
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53
Q

Explain of abuse of alcohol is a health issue to the digestive system

A

Alocohol taken in EXCESS is poisonous

May damage LIVER and PANCREAS

Which leads to poor digestion

If alcohol taken frequequently it leads to ALCHOLISM

The victim is called ALCOHOLIC

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54
Q

What is an Alcoholic and why is it disease

A

A victim

Becomes dependent and

Addicted to

Alcohol

Leads to a disease called ALCOHOLISM

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55
Q

What impact does abuse of alchohol on body

A

Excess alcholol = poisonous to body

May damage
-PANCREAS
-LIVER

Leads to POOR DIGESTION

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56
Q

What does malnutrition mean

A

INCORRECT nutrition

57
Q

What are the 2 types of nutrition

A
  1. Undernutrition
  2. Overnutrition
58
Q

What is undernutrition

A

Not enough of 1/more ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS are taken in

Caused by
- poverty
- traditional eating habits
- excessive strict diets
- pure ignorance

59
Q

What is overnutrition

A

To much ENERGY FOOD is taken into the body

May lead to OBESITY

60
Q

What are health issues to the digestive system

A

Abuse of Alcohol

Malnutrition

61
Q

What are the Dietary diseases

A
  1. Kwashiorkor (bloated belly)
  2. Marasmus (muscle wasting away)
  3. Anorexia Nervosa (starve yourself)
  4. Bulimia (binge and purge)
  5. Obesity (BMI increase)
62
Q

What are the symptoms of Kwashiokor dietary disease

A
  1. Bloated belly
  2. Blubbery cheeks
  3. Skin cracks
  4. Skin becomes scaly
63
Q

What are the causes of Kwashiokor dietary disease

A

Too little PROTEIN in diet

64
Q

What are symptoms of Marasmus dietary disease

A

Wasting away of MUSCLES

Body becomes thin and weak

65
Q

What are the causes of Marasmus dietary disease

A

Diet LOW IN KILOJOULES and PROTEINS

General starvation

66
Q

What are the symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa disease

A

Loss of weight

Women may become INFERTILE

67
Q

What are the causes of Anorexia Nervosa disease

A

Physiological condition

When people refuse to eat

68
Q

What are the symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa

A

Loss of weight

Throat problems

Binge and purge (vomit)

69
Q

What are the causes of Bulimia Nervosa

A

Psychological conditions

When person BINGES (eats large quantities of food) and PURGES (vomits/laxatives)

70
Q

What are the 2 ways to purge with Bulimia

A

Vomit

Take laxatives

71
Q

What are the symptoms of Obesity dietary symptoms

A

BMI increase (body mass increase)

Build up of fat (cholesterol) in blood vessels
Leads
- to high blood pressure
- shortage of breath
- heart problems

72
Q

What are the causes of Obesity

A

Eating too much ENERGY food

73
Q

Label A to K of the diagram of the Digestive System

A

A - oral cavity
B - salivary glands
C - Oesophagus
D - Liver
E - Stomach
F - Pancreas
G - small intestine
H - large intestine
I - rectum
J - Anus
K - Appendix

74
Q

What is the purpose of the Excretory System

A

Metabolic processes = formation of waste products

if not removed, waste products can disturb chemical balance in the body

EXCRETION = removal of metabolic wast products

MOST NB Excretory organs in human body
- kidneys
- lungs
- skin

75
Q

What is Excretion

A

The removal of

Metabolic waste products

76
Q

What are the most NB Excretory organs in humans

A

Lungs

Skin

Kidneys

77
Q

What are the lungs function in human excretion

A

Remove CO2 and water vapour

From body

78
Q

What is the skin organ function in excretion

A

Removes

Excess
H20
Salt
Other substances
Excess heat

79
Q

What is the function of the kidney organs in the human body

A

Removes

Many different harmful substances (eg urea)

80
Q

Describe the process of excretion from the lungs

A

Cellular respiration =
- Use O2
- breakdown glucose (food) C6H12O6
- to release main product of ENERGY (in the form of ATP)
- & release by-products CO2 and H2O

O2 + C6H12O6 (glucose) = Main product energy ATP and by-products CO2 and H20

THE CO2 AND H2O (as water vapor) IS EXCRETED FROM THE LUNGS when EXHALE

SUMMARY
-during cellular respiration:
The lungs exchange CO2 for O2 and
- then excrete the CO2 & H20 (water vapor) by the lungs exhaling
-CO2 is a waste product produced during the process of breaking down of food (which releases energy)

81
Q

Why is CO2 dangerous

A

Its odourless & colourless gas

But if there is too much CO2 in body

= CO2 poisoining

82
Q

What is the process of excretion by the skin

A

Skin covers whole body

And is an excretory organ

It excretes (sweat)
- Water
- urea
- Mineral salts
- & radiates HEAT (which is a product of cellular respiration)

83
Q

How does the human skin perform the function of excretion

A

Skin has SWEAT GLANDS

Perform function of excretion

84
Q

What are sweat glands in the skin

A

Perform function of excretion

Description:
- Long tubular glands coiled at the ends
- located in DERMIS of the skin

85
Q

What do the Sweat glands do in the skin

A

Produce a water fluid called SWEAT

Which consists of:
- 98% H20
-2% of
- urea
- sodium chloride (salt)
- potassium chloride
- glucose

The sweat is excreted through PORES in the surface of the skin

86
Q

Describe the excretion process of kidneys

A

Proteins we eat contain 20% nitrogen

Person who eats 100g protein, will excrete 17g of nitrogen daily in the form of UREA

The major excretory product from protein is UREA

Urea is:
- made in the LIVER
- transported via the BLOOD
- to the KIDNEY
- to be EXCRETED in the URINE

87
Q

What is the major excretory product of protein

A

Urea

88
Q

Where is Urea made

A

In the LIVER

89
Q

How is urea excreted

A
  • urea is major excretory product of protein
  • which is made in the liver
  • urea is transported via BLOOD
  • to the KIDNEY
  • to be EXRETED as URINE
90
Q

Describe the kidneys

A

2 reddish brown

Bean-shaped kidneys

Situated either side of the VERTEBRAL COLUMN

Protected by 11th & 12 floating RIBS of the rib cage

The right kidney is LOWER than left kidney (because position and space that liver occupies)

Each kidney
-10cm long
- 6cm wide
-4cm thick
-weight of 200-250g in adults

91
Q

How do the kidneys function

A

They function as a PAIR OF FILTERS

Through wich amount 1 litre of blood circulates per minute

The entire blood in body passes through kidneys in 5-6 minutes

In one day kidneys filter 1800 litres of blood

Each kidney contains approx 1.2 million microscopic filter called NEPHRONS

92
Q

What are the 1.2 million microscopic filters in the kidneys called

A

NEPHRONS

93
Q

How much blood passes through kidneys in 1 minute

A

1 litre of blood

94
Q

How long does it take for all the blood to pass through the kidneys

A

5 - 6 minutes (as there is 5 to 6 litres of blood passes thru body)

95
Q

What is the main functions of the kidneys

A
  1. Vital role in EXCRETION of WASTE PRODUCTS in the form of URINE
  2. Control amount of H2O in blood and tissue fluid through OSMOREGULATION
  3. Control amount of CONCENTRATION of MINERAL SALTS in blood and tissue fluid
96
Q

What are the main components of the EXTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE KIDNEY

A
  1. Renal Vein -
  2. Renal Artery
  3. Kidney
  4. Ureter
  5. Bladder
  6. Urethra
  7. Sphincter
  8. Adrenal glands
97
Q

What does the renal vein do

A

Carries CLEANED BLOOD

AWAY front the KIDNEY

98
Q

What does the renal artery do

A

Brings “dirty” (contains wastes) blood

TO the KIDNEYS

99
Q

What is the main function of the kidney

A

Filters harmful wastes (such as urea)

From the blood

And forms URINE

Each kidney is approx size of fist and bean-shaped

100
Q

What does ureter do

A

Thin tubes

That carries urine from KIDNEYS to BLADDER

101
Q

What does bladder to

A

Is a balloon like organ

That STORES URINE TEMPORARILY

Until URINATION

102
Q

What does Urethra do

A

Its a TUBE that DRAINS urine from bladder

103
Q

What does Sphincter

A

Is a ring of muscle

CONTROLS the RELEASE of URINE from the bladder

104
Q

What are adrenal glands

A

Situated on top of each kidney

PRODUCE HORMONES

That help the body CONTROL
-blood sugar
-burn protein & fate
- react to stressors like major illnesses or injuries
- regulate blood pressure

105
Q

Label the 8 main components of the kidney diagram below

A
  1. Renal vein
  2. Renal artery
  3. Kidney
  4. Adrenal gland
  5. Ureter
  6. Bladder
  7. urethra
  8. Sphincter
106
Q

What is the internal structure of the kidney. Name and list functions

A
107
Q

What is the function of 1.2 million nephrons embedded within each kidney

A

Each nephron functions as independent unit

They are microscopic filters

Produces a small amount of urine

108
Q

Label 1 to 8 of kidney diagram below

A
  1. Kidney
  2. Blood
  3. Urine
  4. Nephron
  5. Blood with waste - carried by renal artery
  6. Blood without waste - carried by renal vein
  7. Ureter
  8. Urine
109
Q

Label 1 to 8 of the internal structure of kidney

A
  1. Minor Calyx
  2. Renal Papilla
  3. Renal Pyramid
  4. Major Calyx
  5. Renal Cortex
  6. Renal medulla
  7. Renal pelvis
  8. Ureter
  9. Renal capsule
110
Q

Label external structure of kidney diagram

A
  1. Kidney
  2. Ureter
  3. Bladder
  4. Urethra
111
Q

What are the processes taking place in the kidneys

A
  1. Filtration
  2. Absorption
  3. Secretion
  4. Excretion
  5. Osmoregulation
112
Q

Explain the filtration process of the kidney

A

Blood pumped into the kidneys

Where
-glucose
-H2O
-sodium
-toxins

Are FILTERED to REMOVE harmful matter

From the bloodstream

113
Q

Explain the absorption process of the kidneys

A

Then (after filtration)
- glucose
- some of Na
- some of H2O

Is REABSORBED back into blood

To be used by body

114
Q

Explain the SECRETION process of the kidneys

A

The movement of additional WASTE PRODUCTS & H2O

Needs to be EXCRETED in the URINE

So these are SECRETED out of the blood

Back into the NEPHRON

= SECRETION

115
Q

Explain the EXCRETION process of the kidneys

A

Finally UREA is SECRETED

Into the HOLDING AREA of

COLLECTING DUCTS

& then SECRETED OUT

Of the body as URINE

= EXCRETION

116
Q

How does Osmoregulation take place

A

When you drink lots of water/drinks that contain a lot of H2O

You want to pass MORE URINE

This is because the KIDNEYS are getting rid of EXCESS WATER

URINE COLOR = PALE YELLOW because excess H2O dilutes it

If SWEAT MORE/DRINK LESS H20 = LESS H2O to pass thru the urine

Body short of H2O

= pass LESS URINE

Therefore KIDNEYS HAVE RE-ABSORBED H2O

To keep CONCENTRAITON IN BLOOD NORMAL

Color of urine = DARK YELLOW because its CONCENTRATED

117
Q

Name the health issues of kidneys

A
  1. Kidney failure
  2. Bladder infection (Cystitis)
  3. Kidney stones
118
Q

What’s the name for bladder infection

A

Cystitis

119
Q

What is kidney failure

A

Is the loss of kidney’s ability to remove wastes from blood

Harmful wastes build up in your body

Blood pressure may rise

Retain excess fluid

TREATMENT
- Dialysis (using machine that filters blood)
- kidney transplant

120
Q

What is Bladder Infection (cystitis)

A

Caused by bacteria and other micro-organisms

More common in women as their URETHRA IS SHORTER and CLOSER to the ANUS & VAGINA

Making it easier for BACTERIA to enter urinary tract

Causes INFLAMMATION of the BLADDER

SYMPTOMS
- pain while urinating
- unpleasant SMELLING, CLOUDY urine
- BURNING SENSATION when urinating

TREATMENT
- Can be treated using ANTIBIOTICS

121
Q

What is Kidney stones

A

Hard crystals of Calcium & Salts

Form in kidneys

& clump together forming Kidney stones

Can block tubules in the URETER causing TERRIBLE PAIN

122
Q

How do the crystals form in Kidney Stones

A

Hard Crystals of Ca & salts form in kidneys

When there is TOO MUCH WASTE & TOO LITTLE LIQUID in the URINE

123
Q

What is the treatment for kidney stones

A

Most pass out of body on their own without treatment

But others may have to be removed SURGICALLY REMOVED

124
Q

What diseases can your URINE show

A
  1. Diabetes - if urine contains glucose may indicate diabetes
  2. Kidney or bladder disease - urine contains BLOOD or PROTEIN may indicate
  3. Diuresis - ABUSE OF ALCOHOL may lead to slow down in rate of H2O ABSORPTION in the KIDNEYS - patient has to make good the loss of water by drinking lots of water - if not body will become DEHYDRATED
  4. Kidney poisoning - caused by INTAKE OF POISONOUS SUBSTANCES like volatile fumes in synthetic glues and insecticides
  5. Brain damage caused by glue sniffing - synthetic glues contain volatile solvents which release poisonous fumes - if fumes inhaled enter BLOODSTREAM in the LUNGS & carried to the BRAIN - fumes DEPRESS the function of the brain eg breathing - less O2 is inhaled - a shortage can lead to DEATH
125
Q

What is the condition that is the slow down in rate of water absorption of the kidneys called

A

Diuresis

126
Q

Label the kidney diagram

A
  1. Kidney
  2. Ureter
  3. Bladder
  4. Kidney stones
  5. Clayceal stone
  6. Renal pelvic stone
  7. Upper ureteral stone
127
Q

How many kidneys do you have

A

2

128
Q

Name the two substances that are excreted from the body by the kidneys

A
  1. urea (urine)
  2. H2O
129
Q

Name the regions of the inside of the kidney

A

1.Renal capsule
2. Renal cortex
3. Renal medulla
4. Renal pelvis

130
Q

Why is faeces considered not to be excretion

A

Faeces (ie not urine) did not go through the metabolic system.

It is not a product of METABOLISM (faeces is leftover of foods that is not digested )

It is NOT A metabolic waste

And is therefore NOT EXCRETED

But is EGESTED

131
Q

Why could your urine be pale yellow or dark yellow

A

Pale yellow = drank a lot of water - pass more urine (as kidneys are getting rid of excess H2O) - urine pale yellow as excess H20 dilutes its - could happen cold days (don’t drink as much)

Dark yellow - when sweat more (eg hot day) or drink less H2O - pass urine less often - KIDNEYS HAVE REABSORBED H2O as short of H2O & to keep CONCENTRATION in BLOOD normal - DARK YELLOW because its CONCENTRATED - could be on HOT DAYS

132
Q

Explain how blood gets FILTERED by kidneys

A

Blood CONTAINING WASTES enters the kidney through RENAL ARTERIES

its FILTERED through renal PYRAMIDS in the kidneys

Where NEPHRONS extract EXCESS
-CHEMICALS (urea),
-Salts
-Minerals

Is EXCRETED as URINE through the URETER to the BLADDER where is stored temporarily before URINATION

The CLEANSED BLOOD then leaves the kidneys
Through the RENAL VEIN

133
Q

Use what you have learned thru OSMOREGULATION to explain why dehydration and diarrhoea can lead to death if not treated

A

The kidneys controls the amount of H2O in the blood and tissues through OSMOREGULATION

Diarrhoea makes you lose a lot of water through the Egestion of faeces. Dehydration is the lack of water in the body.

Without H2O, cells cannot function properly

Then you can die if not treated

134
Q

What is the smooth semi-transparent membrane that adheres tightly to the outer surface of the kidney

A

Renal capsule

135
Q

What are the 2 primary functions of the urinary system

A
  1. To filtrate the blood & tissues
  2. To regulate H2O levels
136
Q

What structure allows urine to move from kidneys to the urinary bladder

A

Ureter

137
Q

What gives renal pyramids their striped appearance

A

The nephron tubules

138
Q

What is the cavity within the kidney which is continuous with the ureter

A

The Renal Pelvis

LSFC Grade 9 (6 decks)

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