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AQA A Level Biology > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an organic compound?

A

A compound containing carbon

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2
Q

What is an inorganic compound?

A

A compound that does not contain carbon

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3
Q

What is REDOX?

A
  • Reduction is the gain of electrons or hydrogen - Oxidation is the loss of electrons or hydrogen
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4
Q

What is a Co-enzyme?

A

A non protein molecule that aids enzymes by transferring smaller molecules around

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5
Q

What is phosphorylation?

A

The process of adding a phosphate group to something

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6
Q

What is photophosphorylation?

A

Using light energy to phosphorylate something

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7
Q

What is photolysis?

A

Using light energy to split a molecule

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8
Q

What is the electron transport chain?

A

The flow of electrons through proteins (electron carriers) in a membrane

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9
Q

What is a proton?

A

A H+ ion

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10
Q

What happens in the light dependent reaction?

A
  • Light energy is absorbed and used to make ATP and NADPH- Takes place in the thylakoid membrane
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11
Q

What happens in the light independent reaction?

A
  • Products from the light dependent reaction (ATP and NADPH) are used to convert CO2 into useful organic compounds such as amino acids, lipids and glucose - Takes place in the stroma
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12
Q

What is the function of the chloroplast?

A

It absorbs light energy which Is used in photosynthesis to make useful organic compounds

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13
Q

What is the structure of a chloroplast?

A
  • Stroma - Grana- Tylakoid- Lamellae - Starch grain - Chloroplast DNA
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14
Q

What is the grana?

A

A stack of thylakoids

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15
Q

What is a thylakoid?

A

Small disks with high surface area that contain the photosynthetic pigments required for photosynthesis, they are the site of the light dependent reaction

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16
Q

What is the stroma?

A

The site of the light independent reaction

17
Q

What happens to electrons in the light dependent reaction?

A
  • Light energy is absorbed by photosynthetic pigments which excites an electron in photosystem 2, this electron gains energy and leaves PS2 travelling down the electron transport chain into PS1 - Light energy is absorbed by photosynthetic pigments which excites an electron in photosystem 1 which leaves PS1 - Energy given off from the electron moving down the ETC is used to join ADP to Pi and Move H+ ions from the stroma into the thylakoid - Electron that leaves PS2 is replaced by electrons from the photolysis of water
18
Q

What happens to hydrogen in the light dependent reaction?

A
  • H+ is released from the photolysis of water (inner thylakoid)- H+ is moved into the thylakoid using energy from the ETC - H+ inside the thylakoid moves along ATP synthase channels out of the thylakoid into the stroma by chemiosmosis where its combined with NADP to form NADPH
19
Q

What are the products of the light independent reaction?

A

NADPH and ATP

20
Q

What is NADP?

A

A co-enzyme

21
Q

What happens in the Calvin cycle?

A

Products of the light dependent reaction (NADPH and ATP) are used to convert CO2 into useful organic compounds

22
Q

What are the stages of the Calvin cycle?

A
  • CO2 is combined with ribulose bisphosphate (catalysed by the enzyme rubisco) to form 2 molecules of glycerate-3-phosphate - Each molecule of G3P is reduced to form 2 triose phosphate molecules using 2 NADPH and 2 ATP- Some TP is used to regenerate RUBP and some is converted into useful organic products
23
Q

What are the 3 limiting factors of photosynthesis?

A
  • Light intensity - Carbon dioxide concentration - Heat
24
Q

How is light intensity a limiting factor?

A
  • The greater the light intensity, the greater the energy available for photosynthesis- Light has to be a certain wavelength (blue or red)- Different photosynthetic pigments absorb different wavelengths of light
25
Q

How can you prevent light being a limiting factor of photosynthesis?

A
  • Keep plants in direct sunlight - Use lighting at night
26
Q

How is carbon dioxide concentration a limiting factor?

A
  • Optimum CO2 level for plants is 0.4% and only 0.04% is available - CO2 is a continuous limiting factor in the day time - Above 0.4% CO2 has a negative effect on photosynthesis
27
Q

How can you prevent carbon dioxide concentration being a limiting factor of photosynthesis?

A
  • Burn a fossil fuel e.g. propane in a green house
28
Q

How is temperature a limiting factor?

A
  • Photosynthesis is controlled by enzymes - Beyond optimum temp enzymes begin to denture and photosynthesis will stop - High temps can cause guard cells to close the stomata reducing CO2
29
Q

How can you prevent temperature being a limiting factor of photosynthesis?

A

Regular heating/cooling to maintain the optimum temperature

AQA A Level Biology (13 decks)

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