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Biology > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

1
Q

Whats the overall equation for photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H20 + light - C6H12O6 + 6O2

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2
Q

Whats the overall equation for Aerobic Respiration

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 - C6H12O6 + 6O2

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3
Q

What enzyme catalyses synthesis of ATP

A

ATP synthase

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4
Q

ATP synthesis is known as what process

A

Phosphorylation

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5
Q

What enzyme catalyses breakdown of ATP

A

ATPase

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6
Q

ATP is broken down by what process

A

Hydrolysis

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7
Q

Name 4 benefits of ATP

A
  • small/soluble for transport
  • easily broken down
  • cant pass out of cell so cell has immediate energy
  • releases only small, manageable amount of energy
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8
Q

Whats the compensation point

A

when photosynthesis and respiration occur at the same rate, no net loss/gain of carbon

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9
Q

Where does photosynthesis take place

A

Chloroplasts

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10
Q

name 3 features of chloroplasts

A
  • surrounded by envelope with inter membrane space
  • outer membrane s highly permeable
  • 2 distinct regions: stroma and grana, which consist of stacks of thylakoid membranes
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11
Q

Why does the stroma contain some loops of DNA

A

for proteins needed in photosynthesis

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12
Q

Photosynthetic pigments are found where

A

Thylakoid membrane

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13
Q

primary pigments are

and accessory pigments are

A

reaction centres

light harvesting systems

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14
Q

Name the 2 photosystems and their wavelengths

A

PS1 700nm

PS2 680nm

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15
Q

Name the 3 things the light energy absorbed is used for

A
  • photophosphorylation
  • making NADP into NADPH
  • Photolysis
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16
Q

Photosystems are linked by what

A

electron carriers

17
Q

the photosystems and electron carriers form an

A

electron transport chain

18
Q

whats am electron transport chain

A

chain of proteins through which excited electrons flow

19
Q

Summarise non-cyclic photophosphorylation in 4 steps

A
  • photon absorbed by PSII exciting electrons in chlorophyll moving them towards PSI
  • Electrons from PSII replaced by electrons from photolysis. This produces/releases O2.
  • Energy lost from electrons travelling down ETC used to pump H+ into thylakoid. Creates H+ conc gradient across membrane. H+ moves into stroma via ATP synthase. Energy from this movement makes ATP.
  • Photon absorbed by PSI, excites electrons further. Electrons transferred to NADP with H+ from the stroma, reduces NADP to NADPH. Catalysed by NADP reductase
20
Q

State the reaction for photolysis

A

H2O - 2H+ + 1/2O2

21
Q

Whats another name for the light independent reaction/calvin cycle

A

carbon dioxide fixation

22
Q

Summarise the calvin cycle in 3 steps

A
  • CO2 combines with 5-C RuBP to form 2x 3-C GP. Catalysed by RuBisCo
  • GP reduced by 2x NADPH to 2x 3-C TP. Uses 2x ATP
  • 5/6 TP produced is used to regenerate RuBP. Uses last ATP from light dependent reaction.
23
Q

How many turns of the Calvin cycle are needed to make one Hexose sugar

A

6

24
Q

How many turns of the Calvin cycle are needed to make a TP molecule not used to regenerate RuBP

A

3

25
Q

How many ATP and NADPH are needed for 6 turns of the Calvin cycle

A

18ATP

12NADPH

26
Q

Name the 3 limiting factors of photosynthesis

A
  • Light intensity
  • Temperature
  • Carbon Dioxide
27
Q

what the optimum temp for most plants

A

around 25°C

28
Q

name 3 problems that occur at high temps

A
  • enzymes denature
  • stomatal closure avoid water loss, less CO2 intake
  • thylakoid membrane may be damaged, reduce rate of light dependent reaction by decreasing number of sites for electron transfer
29
Q

Increasing CO2 conc up to what increases rate

After this point what happens

A

0.4

stomata start to close

30
Q

What else can affect photosynthesis

A

water stress as the stomta will close to preserve water decreasing CO2 intake

31
Q

What effect will low light intensity have on concentration of GP, RuBP and TP

A

GP higher

RuBP and TP lower

32
Q

What effect will low CO2 conc have on concentration of GP, RuBP and TP

A

RuBP higher

GP and TP lower

Biology (10 decks)

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