Classification and evolution

Question 1

Name 4 reasons why we classify

Answer 1

-convenience -makes study of organisms more efficient -easier to identify animals -helps us see relationships between species

Question 2

name the 8 levels of classification hierarchy

Answer 2

domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species

Question 3

name the 5 kingdoms

Answer 3

prokaryotae protoctista animalia fungi plantae

Question 4

name 3 pieces of evidence used in classification

Answer 4

bio molecules cytochrome C DNA

Question 5

describe the 3 domains classification system

Answer 5

prokaryotae kingdom split into 2 groups, Bacteria and archaea 3 domains are archaea, bacteria and eukarya eukarya contains the other 4 kingdoms, protoctista, animalia, fungi and plantae

Question 6

whats artificial classification

Answer 6

classification based on only few characteristics -does not reflect evolutionary relationships

Question 7

whats phylogeny

Answer 7

study of evolutionary history of groups of organisms

can tell how closely related animals are by the coseness of the last common ancestor

Question 8

what were darwins 4 observations

Answer 8

• characteristics are passed on from parents to offspring
• theres variation in characteristics of the same species (intraspecific variation)
• organisms produce more offspring than will survive
• individuals best adapted to their environement are more likely to survive

Question 9

natural selection definition

Answer 9

process where an allele becomes more common in a population because it codes for an adaptation that makes an organism more likely to survive, reproduce and pass on alleles

Question 10

describe the process of natural selection

Answer 10

1) mutation creates alternative versions of genes (alleles), creates genetic variation
2) environment selects advantagious variations (selection pressure)
3) Individuals with advantagious characteristics survive, reproduce and pass on advantageous characteristics.
4) over time, species will become better adapted to environment

Question 11

name 3 pieces of evidence for evolution

Answer 11

1) fossil evidence
2) biological molecules (DNA, proteins,antibodies)
3) mitochondrial DNA

Question 12

whats inter vs intraspecific variation

Answer 12

inter= between species

intra= same species

Question 13

whats genetic variation

Answer 13

variation caused by alleles

Question 14

whats continuous variation

Answer 14

when the individuals in a population vary within a range (no distinct categories)

Question 15

whats discontinuous variation

Answer 15

when there are 2 or more distinct categories in a population (no intermediates)

Question 16

whats convergent evolution

Answer 16

organisms not closely realeted independently evolve similar traits as a result of being adapted to similar environments

Question 17

name to problems with evolutions now

Answer 17

pesticde resistance

drug resistance