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Honors Biology 9 > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

1
Q

What is energy ?

A

The ability to do work

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2
Q

Where does the energy that living things need come from ?

A

The sun

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3
Q

What are the 2 type of organisms ?

Based on how they obtain energy

A

Autotrophs

Heterotrophs

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4
Q

What is an Autotroph ?

A

Organism that makes their own food using light or chemical energy

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5
Q

What is a heterotroph ?

A

Organism that obtains energy from food that they consume

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6
Q

What does ATP stand for ?

What is ATP ?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

One of the principal chemical compounds that cells use to store and release energy

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7
Q

What 2 thing does ATP consists of ?

A

Adenosine and 3 phosphate groups

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8
Q

What makes up adenosine ?

A

Adenine (nitrogen base)

Ribose (sugar)

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9
Q

When storing energy the cell adds a ________ to ___ to form ___.

A

Phosphate to ADP to form ATP

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10
Q

Energy stored in ATP is released by … ?

A

Breaking the chemical bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate group

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11
Q

Are cells packed with lots of ATP to get them through the day ?
Why ?

A

No because ATP can’t store a large amount of energy over a long period of time.

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12
Q

ATP is a great molecule for ______

It is not a great molecule for ______.

A

Transferring energy

Storing large amounts of energy

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13
Q

What is a tidal flat ?

A

Where land and water meet

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14
Q

3 types of autotrophs ?

A

Tidal flats - Cyanobacteria

Land - plants

Water - algae

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15
Q

Only bacteria with chloroplasts ?

A

Cyanobacteria

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16
Q

Who did an experiment to figure out where the plants mass came from ?

A

Van Helmont

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17
Q

What did Van Helmont do in his experiment?

A

He planted a willow sapling and measured the dirt and let it grow for 5 years.
The mass of the dirt stayed the same but the plants mass increased.

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18
Q

What did Van Helmont discover ?

A

the gain in mass had to have come from the water the plant was taking in

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19
Q

What did Van Helmont not realize ?

A

The carbon portion came from carbon dioxide and that made a major contribution to the mass of the tree.

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20
Q

Who performed an experiment in the 1700s with the plant in the jar ?

A

Joseph Priestley

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21
Q

What did Joseph Priestley do in his experiment ?

A

He put a candle in a jar and it went out. He out a plant in the jar with the candle and it stayed lit.

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22
Q

What did Joseph Priestley figure out from his experiment?

A

that the plant was releasing something that kept the candle lit.

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23
Q

What did Joseph Priestley not realize about his experiment ?

A

that it was oxygen that the plant was releasing.

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24
Q

Who added to Joseph Priestley’s Experiment ?

A

Jan Ingerhousz

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25
What did Jan Ingerhousz add to Priestley's experiment ? What happened ?
he did it in the dark | the plant didn't release oxygen
26
Photosynthesis uses energy from _______ to convert ______ and ________ into high energy _____ and _____.
``` sunlight water carbon dioxide sugars oxygen ```
27
Plants use the high energy sugars to to produce _________ such as ______.
complex carbohydrates | starches
28
Sunlight appears to our eyes to be a _____ light, however it is actually a mixture of ___________ that appear to us as a visible ______. The different wavelengths of the visible spectrum are seen as different _____.
white different wavelengths of light spectrum colors
29
Plants gather the sun's energy with light absorbing molecules called ______.
pigments
30
The plant's principal pigment is _____.
Chlorophyll
31
What are the 2 types of Chlorophyll ?
Chlorophyll a | Chlorophyll b
32
What colored wavelengths does chlorophyll absorb ?
Red and Blue
33
Why do plants look green ?
the chlorophyll in plants reflect green wavelengths
34
When chlorophyll absorbs the sunlight the chemical energy is transferred to ________ and those have high energy and makes photosynthesis work.
electrons
35
What molecule transfers energy to the cell and is used directly by the cell ?
ATP
36
What molecule store energy ?
glucose
37
what ... performs photosynthesis ? 1. organ 2. cell 3. organelle
1. leaf 2. spongy and palisade mesophyll 3. chloroplasts
38
what is transpiration ?
evaporation of water from a plant
39
what 4 things can affect the rate of transpiration ?
humidity temperature sunlight wind
40
how does humidity affect transpiration ?
humid - rates go down | dry - rates go up
41
how does temperature affect the transpiration ?
high - rates go up | low - rates go down
42
how does sunlight affect transpiration ?
more light - rates increase | less light - rates decrease
43
how does wind affect transpiration ?
windy - rates increase | not windy - rates decrease
44
what percentage of water is lost in transpiration ?
99%
45
what molecules leaves through the stoma ?
water vapor | oxygen
46
what molecule enters the plant through the stoma ?
carbon dioxide
47
what is the boundary layer ?
layer of still air hugging the surface of the leaf
48
the thicker the boundary layer the _____ the transpiration rates
slower
49
what is on the leafs surface that can reduce the rates of transpiration ?
hairs
50
how does water get to the leaf so that photosynthesis can occur ?
water in the soil gets to the roots by osmosis goes up the roots by capillary action in xylem into the cell by osmosis
51
How does carbon dioxide get to the leaf ?
goes through the stoma and into the cell by simple diffusion
52
where does oxygen go ?
goes out the stoma
53
where does the glucose go ?
converted into starch | used for cell respiration
54
what is the purpose of the Calvin Cycle ?
to make sugar and products to repeat the cycle
55
what does the Calvin Cycle use ? what are the products ?
NADPH ATP CO2 glucose RuBP
56
Why do leaves change color ?
the chlorophyll disapears and other pigments are shown
57
why do leaves fall ?
the viens in the leaf close off
58
Light dependent reactions 1. location ? 2. reactants ? 3. products ? 4. does it require light ?
thylakoid membrane water ATP NADPH oxygen yes
59
Calvin Cycle 1. location ? 2. Reactants ? 3. products ? 4. does it require light ?
stroma ATP NADPH carbon dioxide glucose no
60
what molecule acts as a carrier for high energy electrons during photosynthesis ?
NADP+
61
how many molecules are of carbon dioxide are used to make one molecule of glucose ?
6
62
3 cellular activities that use ATP ?
cellular respiration bulk transport active transport
63
ATP -----> ADP + P
energy releasing
64
ADP + P -----> ATP
energy storing
65
How many phosphates are in ADP ?
2
66
what molecule stores more than 90 times the energy in a ATP molecule ?
glucose
67
orange and yellow colored pigments ?
carotenoids
68
What is the name of step one in the Calvin cycle ?
Carbon fixation
68
What happens in carbon fixation on the Calvin cycle ?
Rubisco attaches the three CO2 to RuBP which makes six 3PGA.
69
What does rubisco do ?
It attaches the carbons to break RuBP down
70
What is the name of the 2nd step of the Calvin cycle ?
Reduction
71
What happens in reduction of the Calvin cycle (stage 2) ?
NADPH and ATP convert the six 3PGA to six G3P
72
What does ATP and NADPH do in reduction ?
ATP adds and phosphate NADPH takes a phosphate
73
How many ATP and NADPH are used in step 2 of the Calvin cycle ?
6
74
What is the name of stage 3 of the Calvin cycle ?
Regeneration
75
Where do the six G3P go after stage two ?
1 goes to make glucose and 5 go to step 3 (regeneration)
76
What happens in regeneration (stage 3) of the Calvin cycle ?
Three ATP and five G3P regenerate three RuBP
77
What happens in C3 plants when they don't have enough CO2 ?
Photorespiration
78
What happens in photorespiration ?
Rubisco fixes oxygen
79
Why is photorespiration a waste ?
No glucose is made
80
When do CO2 levels drop ?
When stomata close due to hot and dry climates
81
What happens in C4 plants ?
They fix CO2 into a 4 carbon compound and their stomata is partially closed during the day
82
What happens in CAM plants ?
They open stomata at night and release carbon dioxide during day when their stomata are closed

Honors Biology 9 (4 decks)

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