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Honors Biology 9 > Cell Transport > Flashcards

Cell Transport Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of Bulk Transport

A

Movement of large amounts of substances into and out of the cell

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2
Q

2 examples of bulk transport

A

Endocytosis

Exocytosis

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3
Q

2 examples of endocytosis

A

Phagocytosis - take in solids

Pinocytosis - takes in liquids

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4
Q

Example of phagocytosis

A

White blood cells taking in a bacteria

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5
Q

2 thing that exit the cell by exocytosis

A

Wastes

Cell products

  • hormones
  • mucus
  • proteins
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6
Q

Definition of active transport

A

Movement of substances from a low to high concentration with a carrier protein and cell energy

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7
Q

2 examples of active transport

A

Sodium potassium pump

Plants roots absorbing minerals

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8
Q

The sodium potassium pump pumps ___ ___________ out of the cell and pumps ___ ___________ into the cell.

This pump used _____ of the cells energy

A

3 sodiums
2 potassiums
1/3

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9
Q

The concentration gradient formed by the sodium potassium pump is very important because it enables …

A

Muscles to contract

Nerves to conduct impulses

Intestines to absorb nutrients

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10
Q

Definition of passive transport

A

Molecules going from high to low

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11
Q

3 examples of passive transport

A

Simple diffusion

Osmosis

Facilitated diffusion

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12
Q

Define Facilitated diffusion

A

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration without the use of energy but with a carrier protein

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13
Q

Define simple diffusion

A

Movement of small particles from a high to low concentration without energy.

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14
Q

Define osmosis

A

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

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15
Q

Define carrier protein

A

A channel protein that moves substances across the cell membrane

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16
Q

Define concentration gradient

A

Difference in the concentration of a substance in one area and the concentration of the substance in an adjacent area

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17
Q

Equilibrium

A

When the concentration of a solute is the same throughout the solution

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18
Q

Define ion channels

A

Protein channel that allows specific ion to cross the cell membrane without energy being used and going from a high to low concentration

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19
Q

Solution

A

Mixture of a solute and solvent

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20
Q

Solute

A

Substance that gets dissolved

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21
Q

Solvent

A

Substance that does the dissolving

22
Q

Cause of diffusion

A

Random movement of particles

23
Q

Rate/speed of diffusion depend on what ?

A

Size of molecule
- bigger is slower

Temperature

  • high is faster
  • low is slower
24
Q

Example of facilitated diffusion in a cell

A

Glucose moving into the cell

25
Q

Permeable

A

Allow substances to pass through

26
Q

Impermeable

A

Doesn’t allow substances to pass through

27
Q

Selectively permeable

Semipermeable

A

Allows certain substances to pass through

28
Q

Two main functions of the cell wall

A

Provide support and protection

Give cell it’s shape

29
Q 
Cell walls are porous enough to let 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Pass through easily

A

Water

Oxygen

Carbon dioxide

Small proteins

30
Q

Prokaryotic cell wall is made of ?

Plant cell wall is made of ?

A

Peptidoglycan

Cellulose

31
Q

Cell walls are located in

________ , _________ , __________ , and _________ cells.

A

Plant cells
Algae cells
Fungi cells
Prokaryotic cells

32
Q

Hypertonic solution

A

Water goes out of the cell

Plant - plasmolysis
Animal - cell shrinks

33
Q

Hypotonic solution

A

Water goes into the cell

Plant - turgor pressure (cell swells)
Animal - lysis (cell bursts)

34
Q

Isotonic solution

A

Water goes in and out

Cells are unchanged

35
Q

Cholesterol

A

Stabilizes the membrane

36
Q

Phospholipid

A

Phosphate
Glycerol
2 fatty acid tails

37
Q

Lipid bilayer

A

What forms when 2 phospholipids go in water.

38
Q

Hydrophobic region

A

“Water fearing”

Fatty acid tails (inside bilayer)

39
Q

Hydrophilic region

A

“Water loving”

Phosphohead (outside bilayer)

40
Q

Ectraceplular side

A

Outside of cell

41
Q

Cytoplasmic side

A

Inside of cell (cytoplasm)

42
Q

Channel protein

A

A protein embedded in the phospholipid bilayer that acts as a channel or tunnel to let molecules in or out of the cell.

43
Q

Cell surface marker

A

Carb chain that is used to is a cell (name tag)

44
Q

Receptor protein

A

Protein on the outside of the cell membrane that recognizes or binds to specific molecules and causes reactions to occur inside of the cell (doorbell)

45
Q

Enzymes

A

Protein on the inside of the cell that assists in chemical reactions.

46
Q

Why is it called a fluid mosaic model ?

A

Fluid - the phospholipid having the consistency of vegetable oil

Mosaic - proteins that are embedded within the phospholipid

47
Q

What is water intoxication ?

A

Hyponatremia

48
Q

How do bacteria and plant deal with osmotic pressure ?

A

They have a cell wall that prevents them from bursting in a hypotonic solution.

49
Q

How do paramecium deal will osmotic pressure ?

A

Have a contractile vacuole that collects water flowing in and pumps it out to prevent bursting.

50
Q

How do salt water fish deal with osmotic pressure ?

A

They pump salt out of their gills so that they don’t dehydrate.

51
Q

How do animal cells deal with osmotic pressure ?

A

They are bathed in blood and the kidneys keep blood isotonic by removing excess salt in water.

Honors Biology 9 (4 decks)

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