Cell Transport Flashcards
Definition of Bulk Transport
Movement of large amounts of substances into and out of the cell
2 examples of bulk transport
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
2 examples of endocytosis
Phagocytosis - take in solids
Pinocytosis - takes in liquids
Example of phagocytosis
White blood cells taking in a bacteria
2 thing that exit the cell by exocytosis
Wastes
Cell products
- hormones
- mucus
- proteins
Definition of active transport
Movement of substances from a low to high concentration with a carrier protein and cell energy
2 examples of active transport
Sodium potassium pump
Plants roots absorbing minerals
The sodium potassium pump pumps ___ ___________ out of the cell and pumps ___ ___________ into the cell.
This pump used _____ of the cells energy
3 sodiums
2 potassiums
1/3
The concentration gradient formed by the sodium potassium pump is very important because it enables …
Muscles to contract
Nerves to conduct impulses
Intestines to absorb nutrients
Definition of passive transport
Molecules going from high to low
3 examples of passive transport
Simple diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion
Define Facilitated diffusion
Movement of molecules from high to low concentration without the use of energy but with a carrier protein
Define simple diffusion
Movement of small particles from a high to low concentration without energy.
Define osmosis
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Define carrier protein
A channel protein that moves substances across the cell membrane
Define concentration gradient
Difference in the concentration of a substance in one area and the concentration of the substance in an adjacent area
Equilibrium
When the concentration of a solute is the same throughout the solution
Define ion channels
Protein channel that allows specific ion to cross the cell membrane without energy being used and going from a high to low concentration
Solution
Mixture of a solute and solvent
Solute
Substance that gets dissolved
Solvent
Substance that does the dissolving
Cause of diffusion
Random movement of particles
Rate/speed of diffusion depend on what ?
Size of molecule
- bigger is slower
Temperature
- high is faster
- low is slower
Example of facilitated diffusion in a cell
Glucose moving into the cell
Permeable
Allow substances to pass through
Impermeable
Doesn’t allow substances to pass through
Selectively permeable
Semipermeable
Allows certain substances to pass through
Two main functions of the cell wall
Provide support and protection
Give cell it’s shape
Cell walls are porous enough to let \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Pass through easily
Water
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Small proteins
Prokaryotic cell wall is made of ?
Plant cell wall is made of ?
Peptidoglycan
Cellulose
Cell walls are located in
________ , _________ , __________ , and _________ cells.
Plant cells
Algae cells
Fungi cells
Prokaryotic cells
Hypertonic solution
Water goes out of the cell
Plant - plasmolysis
Animal - cell shrinks
Hypotonic solution
Water goes into the cell
Plant - turgor pressure (cell swells)
Animal - lysis (cell bursts)
Isotonic solution
Water goes in and out
Cells are unchanged
Cholesterol
Stabilizes the membrane
Phospholipid
Phosphate
Glycerol
2 fatty acid tails
Lipid bilayer
What forms when 2 phospholipids go in water.
Hydrophobic region
“Water fearing”
Fatty acid tails (inside bilayer)
Hydrophilic region
“Water loving”
Phosphohead (outside bilayer)
Ectraceplular side
Outside of cell
Cytoplasmic side
Inside of cell (cytoplasm)
Channel protein
A protein embedded in the phospholipid bilayer that acts as a channel or tunnel to let molecules in or out of the cell.
Cell surface marker
Carb chain that is used to is a cell (name tag)
Receptor protein
Protein on the outside of the cell membrane that recognizes or binds to specific molecules and causes reactions to occur inside of the cell (doorbell)
Enzymes
Protein on the inside of the cell that assists in chemical reactions.
Why is it called a fluid mosaic model ?
Fluid - the phospholipid having the consistency of vegetable oil
Mosaic - proteins that are embedded within the phospholipid
What is water intoxication ?
Hyponatremia
How do bacteria and plant deal with osmotic pressure ?
They have a cell wall that prevents them from bursting in a hypotonic solution.
How do paramecium deal will osmotic pressure ?
Have a contractile vacuole that collects water flowing in and pumps it out to prevent bursting.
How do salt water fish deal with osmotic pressure ?
They pump salt out of their gills so that they don’t dehydrate.
How do animal cells deal with osmotic pressure ?
They are bathed in blood and the kidneys keep blood isotonic by removing excess salt in water.
