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Honors Biology 9 > Organelle's Function > Flashcards

Organelle's Function Flashcards

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1
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains genetic material which controls the activities of the cell

Animal
Plant

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2
Q

Peroxisome in animal cells

A

Uses a variety of enzymes that detoxify substances like hydrogen peroxide or alcohol in the liver.

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3
Q

Peroxisome in plant cells

A

Convert fatty acids to sugar.

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4
Q

Pili

A

Helps attach surfaces and conjugation.

Conjugation ( passing of genetic material through pili form one bacteria to another bacteria.)

Prokaryotes

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5
Q

Flagella

A

Long threadlike projections of micro tube that helps bacteria move 20 cell lengths in one second.

Prokaryotes

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6
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Packages, modifies, and stores and releases products.

Products can be

  • neurotransmitters
  • mucus
  • hormones

Plant
Animal

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7
Q

Lysosomes

A

Gets rid of waste.
Digests the waste.

Plant
Animal

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8
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Modified and transports proteins
Ribosomes attached to them

Animal
Plant

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9
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

Modified and transports carbs and lipids

Animal
Plant

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10
Q

Cell wall

A

The tough covering that protects plant cells and gives plants their shape.

Bacteria (made of carbs and proteins)
Plants (made with glycogen)

Plant
Prokaryotic

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11
Q

Vacuole

A

Storage sacks that hold water, enzymes nutrients, ions, and wastes.

Temporary in animal cells
Permanent in plant cells

Plant
Animal

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12
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Where most metabolic reactions occur.

Cytosol 80% water but thick

Holds organelles

Animal
plant
prokaryotes

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13
Q

Cell membrane

A

Controls what goes in and out of the cell.
Gives shape
Maintains homeostasis
Protective barrier

Animal
Plant
Prokaryotic

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14
Q

Vesicles

A

Small membrane sacks that break off from Golgi body and carry substances out of the cell.

Carries proteins lipids carbs to the Golgi body.

Animal
Plant

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15
Q

Nucleolus

A

Makes ribosomes.

Animal
Plant

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16
Q

Ribosomes

A

Use instructions from the nucleus to make proteins.

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17
Q

Cilia

A

Short projections of micro tubes.

Line are passageways, kidney, Fallopian tube.

Move back and forth to let things flow in one direction.

Animal cells

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18
Q

Centriole

A

Help with reproduction.
Made of microtubeles.

Animal cells

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19
Q

Nucleoid

A

Chromosomes are floating freely
Has no membrane around it

Prokaryotes

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20
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Performs photosynthesis using light energy from the sun to turn it into energy (sugar).

Plant cells

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21
Q

Mitochondria

A

Turns super into energy (ATP) for the cell. (Cell respiration)

Plants
Animal

22
Q

Cytoskeleton

made of ?

A

Give the cell it’s shape and holds the organelles in place.

microfilaments & microtubules

Animal and plant cells

23
Q

Plasmids

A

Provide bacteria with genetic advantages

24
Q

Capsule

A

Protect cells from phagocytic engulfment, occasionally killing or digestion.

Reserve of nutrients

Attachment to surfaces

Prokaryotes

25
Q

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

A

He invented the first handheld microscope.

26
Q

Robert Hooke

A

Looked that the cork cell

Named the cell

27
Q

Matthias Schleiden

A

German botanist that stated that plants are made of cells.

28
Q

Theadore Schwann

A

German zoologist who stated that animals are made of cells.

29
Q

Rudolph Virchow

A

German physician who stated that animal cells arise only from animal cells and plant cells arise from only plant cells.

30
Q

3 principles of the cell theory

A
  1. Cells are the basic unit of life
  2. All organisms are made of one or more cells.
  3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells
31
Q

What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells ?

A

Eukaryotes

  • nucleus
  • membrane bound organelles
  • complex

Prokaryotes

  • no nucleus
  • no membrane bound organelles
  • simple
32
Q

3 organelles in PLANT CELLS that are not in animal cells ?

A

Chloroplasts
Cell wall
Big vacuole in the center

33
Q

1 organelles in ANIMAL CELLS that is not in plant cells ?

A

Centriole

34
Q

4 organelles found in ALL types of cells ?

A

Cell membrane
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Chromosomes

35
Q

The organelles found in PLANT CELLS and PROKARYOTIC CELLS but not in animal cells ?

A

Cell wall

36
Q

organelle only in prokaryotic cells

A 
plasmid
Pili
Flagella
Nucleoid 
Capsule
37
Q

Muscle cells will have a lot of what organelles?

A

Mitochondria for energy

Ribosomes to make proteins that build up muscle called actin and myosin

38
Q

Liver cells will have a lot of what organelles ?

A

Smooth ER and Peroxisomes for detoxification

39
Q

Pancreatic cells will have a lot of what organelles ?

A

Ribosomes to make protein hormones.

Golgi to produce the cell control products (insulin and glucagon) for secretion.

40
Q

two main functions of the cell wall.

A

provide support and shape

protection

41
Q

prokaryotic cell walls are made of what ?

A

peptidoglycan

42
Q

plant cell wall is made of what ?

A

cellulose

43
Q

What is it called when the cell counts suicide by breaking open ?

A

Apoptosis

44
Q

What is the cell wall made of in plants ?

Bacteria ?

A

Plants - glycogen

Bacteria - peptidoglycan
carbs + proteins

45
Q

What do guard cells do for plants ?

A

Control the opening and closing of the stomata on leaves.

Opens up to let in carbon dioxide

46
Q

Do red blood cells have a nucleus ?

A

No

47
Q

How many oxygen can red blood cells carry ?

Why ?

A

4

The shape of the hemoglobin protein that makes up the cell.

48
Q

Cholesterol

A

Stabilizes the membrane

49
Q

Phospholipid

A

phosphate, glycerol, 2 fatty acids

50
Q

Lipid Bilayer

A

what forms when 2 phospholipids are placed in water

51
Q

Why is bacteria helpful and harmful ?

A

help with digestion and immunity

some cause disease

Honors Biology 9 (4 decks)

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