Organelle's Function Flashcards
Nucleus
Contains genetic material which controls the activities of the cell
Animal
Plant
Peroxisome in animal cells
Uses a variety of enzymes that detoxify substances like hydrogen peroxide or alcohol in the liver.
Peroxisome in plant cells
Convert fatty acids to sugar.
Pili
Helps attach surfaces and conjugation.
Conjugation ( passing of genetic material through pili form one bacteria to another bacteria.)
Prokaryotes
Flagella
Long threadlike projections of micro tube that helps bacteria move 20 cell lengths in one second.
Prokaryotes
Golgi apparatus
Packages, modifies, and stores and releases products.
Products can be
- neurotransmitters
- mucus
- hormones
Plant
Animal
Lysosomes
Gets rid of waste.
Digests the waste.
Plant
Animal
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Modified and transports proteins
Ribosomes attached to them
Animal
Plant
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Modified and transports carbs and lipids
Animal
Plant
Cell wall
The tough covering that protects plant cells and gives plants their shape.
Bacteria (made of carbs and proteins)
Plants (made with glycogen)
Plant
Prokaryotic
Vacuole
Storage sacks that hold water, enzymes nutrients, ions, and wastes.
Temporary in animal cells
Permanent in plant cells
Plant
Animal
Cytoplasm
Where most metabolic reactions occur.
Cytosol 80% water but thick
Holds organelles
Animal
plant
prokaryotes
Cell membrane
Controls what goes in and out of the cell.
Gives shape
Maintains homeostasis
Protective barrier
Animal
Plant
Prokaryotic
Vesicles
Small membrane sacks that break off from Golgi body and carry substances out of the cell.
Carries proteins lipids carbs to the Golgi body.
Animal
Plant
Nucleolus
Makes ribosomes.
Animal
Plant
Ribosomes
Use instructions from the nucleus to make proteins.
Cilia
Short projections of micro tubes.
Line are passageways, kidney, Fallopian tube.
Move back and forth to let things flow in one direction.
Animal cells
Centriole
Help with reproduction.
Made of microtubeles.
Animal cells
Nucleoid
Chromosomes are floating freely
Has no membrane around it
Prokaryotes
Chloroplasts
Performs photosynthesis using light energy from the sun to turn it into energy (sugar).
Plant cells
Mitochondria
Turns super into energy (ATP) for the cell. (Cell respiration)
Plants
Animal
Cytoskeleton
made of ?
Give the cell it’s shape and holds the organelles in place.
microfilaments & microtubules
Animal and plant cells
Plasmids
Provide bacteria with genetic advantages
Capsule
Protect cells from phagocytic engulfment, occasionally killing or digestion.
Reserve of nutrients
Attachment to surfaces
Prokaryotes
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
He invented the first handheld microscope.
Robert Hooke
Looked that the cork cell
Named the cell
Matthias Schleiden
German botanist that stated that plants are made of cells.
Theadore Schwann
German zoologist who stated that animals are made of cells.
Rudolph Virchow
German physician who stated that animal cells arise only from animal cells and plant cells arise from only plant cells.
3 principles of the cell theory
- Cells are the basic unit of life
- All organisms are made of one or more cells.
- All cells arise from pre-existing cells
What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells ?
Eukaryotes
- nucleus
- membrane bound organelles
- complex
Prokaryotes
- no nucleus
- no membrane bound organelles
- simple
3 organelles in PLANT CELLS that are not in animal cells ?
Chloroplasts
Cell wall
Big vacuole in the center
1 organelles in ANIMAL CELLS that is not in plant cells ?
Centriole
4 organelles found in ALL types of cells ?
Cell membrane
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Chromosomes
The organelles found in PLANT CELLS and PROKARYOTIC CELLS but not in animal cells ?
Cell wall
organelle only in prokaryotic cells
plasmid Pili Flagella Nucleoid Capsule
Muscle cells will have a lot of what organelles?
Mitochondria for energy
Ribosomes to make proteins that build up muscle called actin and myosin
Liver cells will have a lot of what organelles ?
Smooth ER and Peroxisomes for detoxification
Pancreatic cells will have a lot of what organelles ?
Ribosomes to make protein hormones.
Golgi to produce the cell control products (insulin and glucagon) for secretion.
two main functions of the cell wall.
provide support and shape
protection
prokaryotic cell walls are made of what ?
peptidoglycan
plant cell wall is made of what ?
cellulose
What is it called when the cell counts suicide by breaking open ?
Apoptosis
What is the cell wall made of in plants ?
Bacteria ?
Plants - glycogen
Bacteria - peptidoglycan
carbs + proteins
What do guard cells do for plants ?
Control the opening and closing of the stomata on leaves.
Opens up to let in carbon dioxide
Do red blood cells have a nucleus ?
No
How many oxygen can red blood cells carry ?
Why ?
4
The shape of the hemoglobin protein that makes up the cell.
Cholesterol
Stabilizes the membrane
Phospholipid
phosphate, glycerol, 2 fatty acids
Lipid Bilayer
what forms when 2 phospholipids are placed in water
Why is bacteria helpful and harmful ?
help with digestion and immunity
some cause disease
