Body Systems Flashcards
What are the two systems that control all body activities ?
nervous system
endocrine system
nervous system
enables body to gather information and respond quickly
endocrine system
produces slower but longer lasting responses
what are the two parts of the nervous system ?
central nervous system
peripheral nervous system
what is the CNS made up of ?
brain and spinal chord
what is the function of the CNS ?
process information and send instructions to the PNS
What makes up the PNS ?
nerves that extend throughout the body
what is the function of the PNS ?
gather and deliver information to and from the CNS
what is the control center of the body ?
central nervous system
what is a neuron ?
nerve cell
why is the nerve cell important ?
basic functional unit of the nervous system
what makes neurons cytoplasm different than other cells ?
dendrites
axon
neurons are _______ and ________.
chemical
electrical
where is the dendrite found and what does it do ?
attached to the cell body
receives and carries information to the cell
where is the axon located and what does it do ?
extends from cell to body
carries information away
what are nerve fibers ?
dendrites
How are the nerve fibers arranged in the PNS ?
in bundled rope like structures called nerves
How are the nerve fibers arranged in the CNS ?
bundled into structures called tracts
what are the three types of neurons ?
Sensory neurons
Motor neurons
Inter neurons
Sensory neurons function
send messages to CNS
from sensory receptors
Motor neurons function
conduct impulses away from CNS
Inter neurons function
conduct impulses within CNS process and coordinate in-going and outgoing impulses
effectors
muscles or organs and glands that respond to the signal from motor nerons
90% of cells in nervous system
Glial cells
what do glial cells do ?
protect neurons
mechanically support neurons
assist neurons
what are the two types of glial cells ?
schwawn cells
astrocytes
what do schwawn cells do ?
insulates and holds nerve fibers together
protective wrapping around nerve fibers in shwawn cells
myelin sheath
what do astrocytes do ?
hold inter neurons together and connect them onto capillaries.
what glial cells are in the PNS ?
Shwawn cells
what glial cells are in the CNS ?
Astrocytes
what helps supply neurons with oxygen and nutrients
astrocytes
what neuron conduct impulses faster
neurons with the myelin sheath
what protects the CNS
skull and vertebrae
the skull and vertebrae are covered in ___ layers of connective tissue called ______.
3
meninges
CNS in made up of what 2 types of matter ?
grey
white
grey matter
composed of densely packed nerve cell bodies
white matter
composed of bundles of axons with myelin sheath.
what controls language recognition and comprehension
wernicke’s area
controls motor function and speaking
broca’s area
what is the cerebellum called
little brain
what coordinates balance and the actions of the skeletal muscles so the body moves gracefully and athletically
cerebellum
controls blood pressure, heart heart, breathing, and swallowing (involuntary functions)
brainstem
receives all messages from sensory receptors and then gets relayed to the right region of the brain
thalamus
controls pituitary gland
hypothalamus
controls hunger thirst fatigue anger body temperature
hypothalamus
connects brain and spinal chord
brainstem
