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College Biology > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

T or F: leaves have stomatas only on the top of the leaf.

A

False: they only have them on the bottom

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1
Q

__+___+__—-> ___+____

A

Co2+h2o+light—> glucose+o2

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2
Q

___ cells are chloroplast cells

A

Mesophyll

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3
Q

The stacks of thylakoids are called?

A

Granum

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4
Q

The singular discs in the mesophyll cells are called?

A

Thylakoid disks

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5
Q

The outer part of the mesophyll cell? (Like the cytoplasm)

A

Stroma

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6
Q

Chloraphyll collects what?

A

Light energy

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7
Q

A ____ is something that absorbs light

A

Pigment

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8
Q

Light reactions take place where?

A

Thylokoid discs

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9
Q

The products of the light reaction are?

A

Nadph and ATP

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10
Q

_____ is known as the dark reaction? (Doesn’t need light to continue)

A

Calvin cycle

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11
Q

Producers are known as _____

A

Autotrophs

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12
Q

Name examples of autotrophs (4)

A

Plants, some prokaryotes, algae, and other Protists

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13
Q

T or F: water is only needed for the light dependent reaction.

A

True

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14
Q

What process is used to split the water molecule?

A

Hydrolysis

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15
Q

______ is used to make ATP from the hydrogens?

A

Chemiosmosis

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16
Q

What absorbs the light in the light dependent reaction? (Be specific)

A

Chloraphyll A, B, and carotenoids

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17
Q

What colors does chloraphyll A absorb?

A

Red and violet

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18
Q

Chloraphyll B’s 2 main functions are?

A

Capture additional wavelengths and pass on absorbed energy to chloraphyll A

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19
Q

Carotenoids collect what colors? What colors does it reflect?

A

Collects: blue violet blue and green
Reflects: orange and yellow

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20
Q

Function of caratenoids? (2)

A

Funnel energy to chloraphyll A

And also photoprotection

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21
Q

The two main structures in the light dependent reactions are?

A

Ps 1 and 2

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22
Q

What are the photo systems made out of?

A

Pigments. Chloraphyll a and b and caratenoids

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23
Q

Name the 2 photo system’s absorption peak?

A

Ps1: 700
Ps2:680

24
Q

The light dependent reaction is an _____-_____-_____

A

Electron transfer chain

25
Q

In the noncyclic pathway you create ____ ATP and nadph

A

Equal

26
Q

In the cyclic pathway what happends?

A

First electron goes through normally and the electron from water recycles through the photo systems to create more ATP

27
Q

Why is the cyclic pathway needed?

A

So that more ATP is available for the Calvin cycle

28
Q

T or F the Calvin cycle needs more NADPH than ATP

A

False: needs more ATP

29
Q

What is Chemiosmosis and how is it prominent in the light dependent reaction?

A

Build up of hydrogen ions from the splitting of water. The hydrogen build up creates a charge in cell. It eventually pumps out of ATP synthase and creates more ATP

30
Q

Anthrocyanins do what?

A

Colors found in vacuole that determine outside color of plant

31
Q

Calvin cycle needs what 3 sources to start the process?

A

Co2, NADPH, and ATP

32
Q

What are the products of the Calvin cycle?

A

G3P, NAD+, and ADP

33
Q

Three phases of the Calvin cycle are?

A

Carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration

34
Q

What happens in carbon fixation?

A

Co2 enters through the stroma, that is then combined with RUBP

35
Q

What happens in reduction?

A

Through the transformations from the use of ATP and NADPH. G3P is created.

36
Q

In regeneration what happens?

A

Regenerate RUBP

37
Q

How many turns of the Calvin cycle is required to create 6 G3Ps?

A

3

38
Q

How many are used for regeneration? If there are 6 G3Ps present?

A

5 one gets to leave

39
Q

How many are used for regeneration? If there are 18 G3Ps present?

A

15 used for regeneration 3 can be used for anything

40
Q

How many G3Ps are needed to create glucose?

A

2

41
Q

How many turns of the Calvin cycle to create Glucose?

A

6

42
Q

How many ATPs are needed to create one Glucose? What about NADPH

A

9 ATPs and 6 NADPHs

43
Q

When it’s really hot plants close their____?

A

Stomatas

44
Q

When O2 binds with rubisco instead of Co2 it is called what?

A

Photo respiration

45
Q

Where does the Calvin cycle take place?

A

Stroma

46
Q

Where does photo respiration take place?

A

Mito condria

47
Q

What are the products of photo respiration?

A

Nothing

48
Q

What happens in c4 plants that’s different than c3 plants

A

Calvin cycle takes place in a bundle sheath (another cell), Pep carboxylase instead of rubisco, binds co2 with oxaloacetate to creat malate, malate turns to pyruvate

49
Q

What’s the differance between pep carboxylase and rubisco?

A

Carboxylase doesn’t bind to O2. It can only bind to Co2 making photo respiration impossible

50
Q

In C4 plants carbon fixation equation

___+_____________—>______

A

Co2+oxaloacetate—–> malate

51
Q

Calvin cycle c4 plant equation

___—» ______+__—->____ and other leaves

A

Malate–> pyruvate+co2–> oxaloacetate

52
Q

Oxaloacetate in c4 plants is like _____ in c3 plants?

A

Rubisco

53
Q

Pyruvate in C4 plants are like _____ in C3 plants

A

G3p

54
Q

CAM plants create _____ in the day and do ______ at night.

A

Pyruvate, carbon fixation

55
Q

During the night time Cam plants create what product during carbon fixation?

A

Malate

56
Q

Malate made at night in Cam Plants are stored where until night is over?

A

Vacoule

57
Q

Pep carboxylase in cam and c4 plants act as what in c3 plants?

A

RUBP

College Biology (7 decks)

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