Evolution Of Populations Flashcards
This natural process shuffles existing alleles into new combinations
Sexual reproduction
This creates new genes and alleles
Mutations
Population is?
Localized group of individuals of the same species
How are species are classified? 2 things
If they can breed!
Fertile offspring!
All of the genes/ alleles for all of the loci in a population
Gene pool
1st hardy Weinberg equation?
a+b=1
2nd equation: hardy Weinberg
a^2+2ab+b^2=1
a^2=?
Homozygous recessive
2ab=
Heterozygous genotype frequency
b^2=?
Homozygous dominant frequency
5 conditions for hardy Weinberg?
1) extremely large population
2) no gene flow
3) no mutations
4) random mating
5) no natural selection
What is genetic drift?
Random change In allele frequencies like AA to aa ratios
What is gene flow
No migration in or out of the population
Bottleneck is?
Sudden decrease in population. Organisms left in the population are left to reproduce. This greatly effects the genetic drift
Founder effect is?
When population gets isolated into 2. The two populations can be be very different. (Galapagos finches)
Genetic drift is more prevalent to occur in large or small populations
Small
Directional selection is when?
Only one end of the phenotypic range is favored
Disruptive selection is?
Both ends of the phenotypic bell curve are favored
Stabilizing selection is?
When the middle of the bell curve is favored. Example is sickle cell
Adaptive evolution does what to the relationship of an organism and it’s environment?
Increases them
What does natural selection do to allele frequencies?
Increases the ones that enhance survival and reproduction
Good example of an adaptive evolution is?
Camouflage
This is the natural selection for the mating process
Sexual selection
Intrasexual selection is?
When there is competition for mates! Usually males
Intersexual selection is?
When one mate (females) picks their mate. (They are often choosy)
