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Bio 156: Unit 3/Exam 3 > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

1
Q

The specific pattern of absorption for a substance that absorbs electromagnetic radiation

A

Absorption spectrum

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2
Q

An organism capable of producing its own food

A

Autotroph

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3
Q

The reactions of photosynthesis that use the energy stored by the light dependent reactions to form glucose and other carbohydrate molecules

A

The Calvin cycle

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4
Q

The process of converting inorganic CO2 gas into organic compounds

A

Carbon fixation

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5
Q

The green pigment that captures the light energy that drives the reactions of photosynthesis

A

Chlorophyll

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6
Q

The form of chlorophyll that absorbs violet blue and red light

A

Chlorophyll A

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7
Q

The form of chlorophyll that absorbs blue and red orange light

A

Chlorophyll B

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8
Q

The organelle where photosynthesis takes place

A

Chloroplast

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9
Q

A stack of thylakoids located inside a chloroplast

A

Granum

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10
Q

An organism that consumes other organisms for food

A

Heterotroph

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11
Q

The first stage of photosynthesis where visible light is absorbed to form two energy caring molecules (ATP and NADPH)

A

Light dependent reaction

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12
Q

The middle layer of cells in a leaf

A

Mesophil

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13
Q

The range of all possible frequencies of radiation

A

Electromagnetic spectrum

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14
Q

An organism capable of synthesizing its own food molecules (storing energy), using the energy of light

A

Photo autotroph

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15
Q

A distinct quality or “packet” of light energy

A

Photon

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16
Q

A group of protons, chlorophyll, and other pigments that are used in the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis to absorb light energy and convert into chemical energy

A

Photosystem

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17
Q

A molecule that is capable of absorbing light

A

Pigment

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18
Q

The opening that regulates gas exchange and water regulation between leaves and the environment; plural; stomata

A

Stoma

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19
Q

The fluid filled space surrounding the grana inside a chloroplast where Calvin cycle reactions of photosynthesis take place

A

Stroma

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20
Q

A disc shape membranous structure inside a chloroplast where the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place using chlorophyll embedded in the membranes

A

Thylakoid

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21
Q

The distance between consecutive points of a wave

A

Wavelength

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22
Q

On a hot dry day, plants close their stomata to conserve water. What impact will this have on photosynthesis?

A

It will significantly slow down the rate of photosynthesis

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23
Q

What two products result from photosynthesis

A

Glucose and oxygen

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24
Q

True or false: thylakoids in eukaryotes are assembled into stacks, The space surrounding thylakoids is called stroma, thylakoids contain chlorophyll

A

True

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25
Do thylakoids exist as a maze of folded membranes in a eukaryote?
No
26
Do thylakoids exist as a maze of folded membranes?
Yes
27
From where does a heterotroph directly obtain its energy?
Eating other organisms
28
What is the energy of a photon first used to do in photosynthesis?
To energize an electron within a chlorophyll molecule
29
Which molecule absorbs the energy of a photon and photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll
30
Plants produce oxygen when they photosynthesize. Where does the oxygen come from?
Splitting water molecules within a plant cell
31
Which colors of light does chlorophyll A reflect?
Red and blue
32
Where in plant cells does the Calvin cycle take place?
The stroma of chloroplasts
33
The conversion of CO2 to an organic compound
Carbon fixation
34
What is the molecule that leaves the Calvin cycle to be converted into glucose?
G3P (glycerol dehyde-3-phosphate)
35
Why are carnivores, such as lions, dependent on photosynthesis to survive?
They eat the herbivores; The energy from plants is passed up the food chain to the carnivores
36
Energy from sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll pigments within a photo system; this excites the electrons and ultimately powers the creation of ATP and NADPH; generating an electrochemical gradient; Energy is then stored in bonds and are used in the Calvin cycle for carbon fixation- splitting of water molecules occurs
The pathway of energy in light dependent reactions
37
Which part of the Calvin cycle would be affected if a cell could not produce the enzyme RuBisCO?
Carbon fixation stage
38
The products of one process serve as the reactants for the other
The reciprocal nature of the net chemical reactions for photosynthesis and respiration
39
If that's have more calories per gram, why is glucose a preferred substrate for aerobic cellular respiration?
It can be readily broken down and you lies by the body much faster
40
Formula for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2.
41
The process were by plants, algae and bacteria use sun's energy to synthesize organic compounds from inorganic compounds
Photosynthesis
42
Stacks of green pancakes
Thylakoid
43
Where light dependent occurs
Thylakoid
44
Stacks of thyroid membranes in the chloroplast of plant cells; essential for photosynthesis
Grana
45
Inside the chloroplast, aqueous "jelly like" fluid, cytosol, Calvin cycle
Stroma
46
Small opening on surface of a leaf; allows for exchange of gases and oxygen between plant and environment
Stoma
47
Only pigment that can act directly to convert light energy to chemical energy
Chlorophyll A
48
What's the pigment of chlorophyll A
Blue green
49
What's the pigment of chlorophyll B?
Yellow green
50
This is an accessory pigment that absorbs light wave energy & transfers energy to chlorophyll A
Chlorophyll B
51
Transfers energy from photons to chlorophyll A; absorbs photons to reflect yellows, oranges, reds
Carotenoids (i.e beta-carotene)
52
In the electromagnetic spectrum (visible light), Which has a long wavelength but low frequency/low energy
Red
53
In the electromagnetic spectrum (visible light), which has a short wavelength, high frequency and high energy?
Violet
54
This requires sunlight to create chemical energy NADPH
Light dependent reactions
55
Doesn't require sunlight; dark cycle, Calvin cycle, uses ATP and NAPH to make glucose
Light independent reactions
56
What are the reactants and products of cellular respiration?
Glucose and oxygen (reactants); carbon dioxide, water, ATP (products)
57
What are the reactants in products of photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide and H2O (reactants); glucose and O2 (products)
58
True or false: only autotrophs perform photosynthesis
True
59
True or false: light reactions occur in the thylakoid
True
60
True or false: dark reactions occur in the stroma
True
61
Formula for electron carriers; how many?
NADH:10 + FADH2:2 = 12
62
Compost is an example of exergonic or endorganic?
Exergonic
63
A baby bird hatching is an example of endergonic or exergonic?
Endergonic
64
Energy required to destabilize existing bonds and initiate a chemical reaction
Activation energy
65
True or false: catalyst cannot violate laws of thermodynamics; cannot make an endergonic reaction spontaneous by adding an enzyme.
True
66
Are catalyst enzymes or proteins?
Enzymes
67
True or false: enzymes are proteins
True
68
True or false: The shape of an enzyme stabilizes a temporary association between substrates
True
69
True or false: an enzymes particular substrates bind at its active sites
True
70
When conditions aren't met, hydrogen bonds break and the enzyme changes shape and stops working. The enzyme denatures by unfolding and becoming non-functional. This is called?
Denaturation
71
True or false: cell store and retrieve energy by making and breaking chemical bonds in metabolic reactions
True
72
Decomposition, polymer to monomer, hydrolysis, warms environment, exergonic, break down of carrot and compost. What are these examples of?
Cannibalism
73
Synthesis, monomers de polymers, dehydration, cools environment, endergonic, growing carrot in a garden. What are these examples of?
Anabolism
74
Nitrogenous base
Adenine
75
Pentose sugar
Ribose
76
Alpha phosphate group
77
Beta phosphate group
78
Gamma phosphate group
79
In a predicted photosynthesis experiment: when seeds are exposed to light but no water, what will happen?
They will stay the same
80
In a predicted photosynthesis experiment, what will happen to seeds if they are exposed to light and water?
They will get larger
81
In a predicted photosynthesis experiment, if seeds are exposed to water but no light what will happen?
They will get smaller. Without light no Photosynthesis will occur and the starch in the seed will use up in the seed.

Bio 156: Unit 3/Exam 3 (7 decks)

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