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Bio 156: Unit 3/Exam 3 > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The specific pattern of absorption for a substance that absorbs electromagnetic radiation

A

Absorption spectrum

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2
Q

An organism capable of producing its own food

A

Autotroph

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3
Q

The reactions of photosynthesis that use the energy stored by the light dependent reactions to form glucose and other carbohydrate molecules

A

The Calvin cycle

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4
Q

The process of converting inorganic CO2 gas into organic compounds

A

Carbon fixation

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5
Q

The green pigment that captures the light energy that drives the reactions of photosynthesis

A

Chlorophyll

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6
Q

The form of chlorophyll that absorbs violet blue and red light

A

Chlorophyll A

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7
Q

The form of chlorophyll that absorbs blue and red orange light

A

Chlorophyll B

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8
Q

The organelle where photosynthesis takes place

A

Chloroplast

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9
Q

A stack of thylakoids located inside a chloroplast

A

Granum

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10
Q

An organism that consumes other organisms for food

A

Heterotroph

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11
Q

The first stage of photosynthesis where visible light is absorbed to form two energy caring molecules (ATP and NADPH)

A

Light dependent reaction

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12
Q

The middle layer of cells in a leaf

A

Mesophil

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13
Q

The range of all possible frequencies of radiation

A

Electromagnetic spectrum

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14
Q

An organism capable of synthesizing its own food molecules (storing energy), using the energy of light

A

Photo autotroph

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15
Q

A distinct quality or “packet” of light energy

A

Photon

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16
Q

A group of protons, chlorophyll, and other pigments that are used in the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis to absorb light energy and convert into chemical energy

A

Photosystem

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17
Q

A molecule that is capable of absorbing light

A

Pigment

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18
Q

The opening that regulates gas exchange and water regulation between leaves and the environment; plural; stomata

A

Stoma

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19
Q

The fluid filled space surrounding the grana inside a chloroplast where Calvin cycle reactions of photosynthesis take place

A

Stroma

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20
Q

A disc shape membranous structure inside a chloroplast where the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place using chlorophyll embedded in the membranes

A

Thylakoid

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21
Q

The distance between consecutive points of a wave

A

Wavelength

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22
Q

On a hot dry day, plants close their stomata to conserve water. What impact will this have on photosynthesis?

A

It will significantly slow down the rate of photosynthesis

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23
Q

What two products result from photosynthesis

A

Glucose and oxygen

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24
Q

True or false: thylakoids in eukaryotes are assembled into stacks, The space surrounding thylakoids is called stroma, thylakoids contain chlorophyll

A

True

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25
Q

Do thylakoids exist as a maze of folded membranes in a eukaryote?

A

No

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26
Q

Do thylakoids exist as a maze of folded membranes?

A

Yes

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27
Q

From where does a heterotroph directly obtain its energy?

A

Eating other organisms

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28
Q

What is the energy of a photon first used to do in photosynthesis?

A

To energize an electron within a chlorophyll molecule

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29
Q

Which molecule absorbs the energy of a photon and photosynthesis?

A

Chlorophyll

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30
Q

Plants produce oxygen when they photosynthesize. Where does the oxygen come from?

A

Splitting water molecules within a plant cell

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31
Q

Which colors of light does chlorophyll A reflect?

A

Red and blue

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32
Q

Where in plant cells does the Calvin cycle take place?

A

The stroma of chloroplasts

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33
Q

The conversion of CO2 to an organic compound

A

Carbon fixation

34
Q

What is the molecule that leaves the Calvin cycle to be converted into glucose?

A

G3P (glycerol dehyde-3-phosphate)

35
Q

Why are carnivores, such as lions, dependent on photosynthesis to survive?

A

They eat the herbivores; The energy from plants is passed up the food chain to the carnivores

36
Q

Energy from sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll pigments within a photo system; this excites the electrons and ultimately powers the creation of ATP and NADPH; generating an electrochemical gradient; Energy is then stored in bonds and are used in the Calvin cycle for carbon fixation- splitting of water molecules occurs

A

The pathway of energy in light dependent reactions

37
Q

Which part of the Calvin cycle would be affected if a cell could not produce the enzyme RuBisCO?

A

Carbon fixation stage

38
Q

The products of one process serve as the reactants for the other

A

The reciprocal nature of the net chemical reactions for photosynthesis and respiration

39
Q

If that’s have more calories per gram, why is glucose a preferred substrate for aerobic cellular respiration?

A

It can be readily broken down and you lies by the body much faster

40
Q

Formula for photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2.

41
Q

The process were by plants, algae and bacteria use sun’s energy to synthesize organic compounds from inorganic compounds

A

Photosynthesis

42
Q

Stacks of green pancakes

A

Thylakoid

43
Q

Where light dependent occurs

A

Thylakoid

44
Q

Stacks of thyroid membranes in the chloroplast of plant cells; essential for photosynthesis

A

Grana

45
Q

Inside the chloroplast, aqueous “jelly like” fluid, cytosol, Calvin cycle

A

Stroma

46
Q

Small opening on surface of a leaf; allows for exchange of gases and oxygen between plant and environment

A

Stoma

47
Q

Only pigment that can act directly to convert light energy to chemical energy

A

Chlorophyll A

48
Q

What’s the pigment of chlorophyll A

A

Blue green

49
Q

What’s the pigment of chlorophyll B?

A

Yellow green

50
Q

This is an accessory pigment that absorbs light wave energy & transfers energy to chlorophyll A

A

Chlorophyll B

51
Q

Transfers energy from photons to chlorophyll A; absorbs photons to reflect yellows, oranges, reds

A

Carotenoids (i.e beta-carotene)

52
Q

In the electromagnetic spectrum (visible light), Which has a long wavelength but low frequency/low energy

A

Red

53
Q

In the electromagnetic spectrum (visible light), which has a short wavelength, high frequency and high energy?

A

Violet

54
Q

This requires sunlight to create chemical energy NADPH

A

Light dependent reactions

55
Q

Doesn’t require sunlight; dark cycle, Calvin cycle, uses ATP and NAPH to make glucose

A

Light independent reactions

56
Q

What are the reactants and products of cellular respiration?

A

Glucose and oxygen (reactants); carbon dioxide, water, ATP (products)

57
Q

What are the reactants in products of photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide and H2O (reactants); glucose and O2 (products)

58
Q

True or false: only autotrophs perform photosynthesis

A

True

59
Q

True or false: light reactions occur in the thylakoid

A

True

60
Q

True or false: dark reactions occur in the stroma

A

True

61
Q

Formula for electron carriers; how many?

A

NADH:10 + FADH2:2 = 12

62
Q

Compost is an example of exergonic or endorganic?

A

Exergonic

63
Q

A baby bird hatching is an example of endergonic or exergonic?

A

Endergonic

64
Q

Energy required to destabilize existing bonds and initiate a chemical reaction

A

Activation energy

65
Q

True or false: catalyst cannot violate laws of thermodynamics; cannot make an endergonic reaction spontaneous by adding an enzyme.

A

True

66
Q

Are catalyst enzymes or proteins?

A

Enzymes

67
Q

True or false: enzymes are proteins

A

True

68
Q

True or false: The shape of an enzyme stabilizes a temporary association between substrates

A

True

69
Q

True or false: an enzymes particular substrates bind at its active sites

A

True

70
Q

When conditions aren’t met, hydrogen bonds break and the enzyme changes shape and stops working. The enzyme denatures by unfolding and becoming non-functional. This is called?

A

Denaturation

71
Q

True or false: cell store and retrieve energy by making and breaking chemical bonds in metabolic reactions

A

True

72
Q

Decomposition, polymer to monomer, hydrolysis, warms environment, exergonic, break down of carrot and compost. What are these examples of?

A

Cannibalism

73
Q

Synthesis, monomers de polymers, dehydration, cools environment, endergonic, growing carrot in a garden. What are these examples of?

A

Anabolism

74
Q

Nitrogenous base

A

Adenine

75
Q

Pentose sugar

A

Ribose

76
Q
A

Alpha phosphate group

77
Q
A

Beta phosphate group

78
Q
A

Gamma phosphate group

79
Q

In a predicted photosynthesis experiment: when seeds are exposed to light but no water, what will happen?

A

They will stay the same

80
Q

In a predicted photosynthesis experiment, what will happen to seeds if they are exposed to light and water?

A

They will get larger

81
Q

In a predicted photosynthesis experiment, if seeds are exposed to water but no light what will happen?

A

They will get smaller. Without light no Photosynthesis will occur and the starch in the seed will use up in the seed.

Bio 156: Unit 3/Exam 3 (7 decks)

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