Photosynthesis Flashcards
is a branch of science that deals with how energy is transferred to cells, tissues, and organisms
bioenergetics
the study of energy flow through a living system
bioenergetics
refers to all chemical reactions of a cell or organism
metabolism
energy acquisition in living organisms
- an organism that can produce or synthesize their own food through utilizing light or inorganic compounds
autotrophs
types of autotrophs
uses sunlight to make food (ex: plants)
photoautotrophs
types of autotrophs
capture energy from inorganic compounds to make food (ex: thermophilic bacteria)
chemoautotrophs
energy acquisition in living organisms
- includes animals, fungi, and most bacteria, relies on sugars produced by autotrophs, they need to consume other organisms to survive
heterotrophs
process where photosynthetic organisms converts solar energy to chemical energy stored in sugar molecules (glucose)
photosynthesis
this process requires sunight, carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O) and chloroplast (leaf)
photosynthesis
this process releases oxygen, and sugar (glucose)
photosynthesis
photosynthesis comes from the greek word -
photo = ?
synthesis = ?
- light
- to produce
an organelle (organ in cell) responsible for photosynthesis
chloroplast
contains tiny disc-shaped structure called thylakoids
chloroplast
a stack of thylakoids are called (?), and is surrounded by space called (?)
- granu,
- stroma
have inner and outer membrane
chloroplast
inside the thylakoid are green pigment molecules called (?) that absorbs energy from the sun
a pigment that gives plants their green color
chlorophyll
chlooroplasts are found mainly in the cells of the (?), the interior tissue of the leaf
mesophyll
(?) is composed of particles that travel as waves / wavelengths
light energy
how many processes of photosynthesis are there?
and they are the…?
- 2 processes
- dependent reaction and independent reaction (or the calvin cycle)
occurs in the thykaloid membrane of the chloroplast
dependent reaction or independent reaction (the calvin cycle)
dependent reaction
sunlight is required for it to happen. Oxygen is released as waste products during this stage
dependent reaction or independent reaction (the calvin cycle)
dependent reaction
occurs in the stroma of the chloroplasts
dependent reaction or independent reaction (the calvin cycle)
independent reaction / calvin cycle
can happen with or without sunlight. formation of glucose from carbon dioxide happens in this stage
dependent reaction or independent reaction (the calvin cycle)
independent cycle / calvin cycle
energy stored in food must be converted to a form of energy that the body recognizes, in the form of (?)
ATP - adenosine triphosphate
energy molecules responsible for many biological processes and synthesis of other biomolecules
ATP - adenosine triphosphate
refers to the complex process by which energy in the form of atp is released from food molecules
cell respiration
complex process that can occur wiith or without oxygen
cell respiration
how many types of cell respiration, and what are they
- 2
- aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration
types of respiration
uses oxygen
aerobic respiration
types of respiration
absence of oxygen
anaerobic respiration
- autotrophs (photosynthesis) via (?)
- heterotrophs (cell respiration) via (?)
- chloroplast
- mitochondria
the end goal of cell respiration is to create many atps from readily available glucose in the cell. true or false
true
occurs in the cytosol (cytoplasm) of the cell
glycolysis
the process in which glucose is brocken down to produce energy, the transformation yields 2 atp
glycolysis
occurs in the mitochondria, yields 2 atp
krebs cycle
uses broken down sugar (acetly-CoA) and produces energy molecules while releasing carbon dioxide
krebs cycle
occurs in mitochondria, will include other chemical reactions that yield more atp (i.e around 32 atp)
electron transport chain
special way of breaking down glucose. eukaryotes can also do anaerobic respiration when cells experience low-oxygen conditions
(ex: lactic acid build up in muscles, and alcoholic fermentation)
anaerobic respiration
lactid acid fermentation occurs in
produced in muscles during rapid exercises when body cant suplly anough oxygen tissues - causes muscle cramps
muscle cells
