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Biodiversity Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ecological hierarchy

Called organism, a living thing that can act or work on its own

A

Individual

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2
Q

Ecological hierarchy

Is a group of organisms that are part of the same species living in the same area

A

Population

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3
Q

Ecological hierarchy

Group of populations of different species that live in the same area

A

Community

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4
Q

Ecological hierarchy

Combination of all biotic and abiotic factors

A

Ecosystem

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5
Q

Ecological hierarchy

Composed of all cosystems on earth, referred as the *zone of life *

A

Biosphere

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6
Q

Bio = ?
Diverse = ?

A

Life
Variety

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7
Q

The variable among living organisms

A

Biodiversity

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8
Q

How many types of Biodiversity

A

3

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9
Q

Types of Biodiversity

Variety of generic makeup/appearance within a species

Diversity of Genes, Diversity of Species, Diversity of Ecosystem

A

Diversity of Genes

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10
Q

Types of Biodiversity

Variety of species in a given area

Diversity of Genes, Diversity of Species, Diversity of Ecosystem

A

Diversity of Species

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11
Q

Types of Biodiversity

Variety of habitats, ecosystems, and communities

Diversity of Genes, Diversity of Species, Diversity of Ecosystem

A

Diversity of Ecosystem

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12
Q

measure of the number of different kinds of ecosystems in an area

Diversity of Genes, Diversity of Species, Diversity of Ecosystem

A

Ecosystem diversity

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13
Q

Range of habitats, communities present in an area, and process that sustain the ecosystem

Diversity of Genes, Diversity of Species, Diversity of Ecosystem

A

Ecosystem diversity

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14
Q

Ecosystem diversity

includes terrestrial ecosystems known as biomes

ex: tundra, taigas, tropical rainforests, grasslands, and deserts

A

Terrestrial Biomes

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15
Q

Ecosystem diversity

Living things that depend on water for survival like fish and plants

ex: coral reefs, mangrove forests, seas, and lakes

A

Aquatic Biomes

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16
Q

measure of the number of different species in an area

Diversity of Genes, Diversity of Species, Diversity of Ecosystem

A

Species Diversity

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17
Q

variety of life forms and the number of each species present in a biological community

Diversity of Genes, Diversity of Species, Diversity of Ecosystem

A

Species Diversity

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18
Q

Components of Species Diversity

number of species found in an ecosystem/community

number of species (ex: 3 species in a community, 2 trees, 1 birds, and 9 flowers)

A

species richness

more species = greater richness

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19
Q

Components of Species Diversity

relative abundance/evenness of individuals of each species

evenness of species (ex: 4 trees, 4 flowers, 4 birds in one community)

A

species evenness

high evenness = greater specific diversity

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20
Q

scale of diversity of plant and animal species in an area

A

biodiversity index

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21
Q

widely used tool for estimating complexity, stability, and general health of an ecosystem

A

biodiversity index

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22
Q

total number of living species divided by the total number of living items

ex: there are 4 different types of trees, and there is 20 trees in total ; 4/20 = 0.2

A

biodiversity index

23
Q

total of the variety of genes of inheritable characteristics present in a population of organisms

Diversity of Genes, Diversity of Species, Diversity of Ecosystem

A

genetics diversity

24
Q

refers to the number of species per unit area or unit volume

A

population density

25
Q

number of people divided by land area

ex: population density = 10 ducks/(4m)(2m) = 10 ducks/8m ; = 1.25 ducks/m^2

A

population density

26
Q

spatial distribution

the specific pattern of spacing among members of a populations within a specified area

A

dispersion

27
Q
  1. clumped
  2. uniformed
  3. random
A

types of dispersion

28
Q

the number of organisms that can be supported by a given government

A

carrying capacity

29
Q

death of many members of a population due to exceeding carrying capacity

death of organisms due to cramped space

A

population crash / dieback

30
Q

can be avoided if some members migrate to a different habitat

A

population crash / dieback

31
Q

population growth rate

number of individual births in a population

A

birth rate / natality rate

32
Q

population growth rate

number of deaths in a certain population

A

death rate / mortality rate

33
Q

population growth rate

happens when some members leave the group

A

emigration

34
Q

population growth rate

movement of individual births in a population to another group of population

A

immmigration

35
Q

(births + immigration) - (deaths + emigration)

A

population change

36
Q

ability of an ecosystem to maintain its structure and fuction over long periods of time

A

ecosystem stability

37
Q

ecosystem stability

physical and geological landscape, diversity, and population sizes of species

Function or structure

A

structure

38
Q

ecosystem stability

water and nutruent cycling or biomass productivity

Function or structure

A

function

39
Q

how does an ecosystem achieve stability

when structure and function of an ecosystem stay normal despite changes

Resistance or resilience

A

resistance

40
Q

how does an ecosystem achieve stability

when it can regain its normal structure and function after a disturbance

Resistance or resilience

A

resilience

41
Q

total disappearance of all the members/individuals of a certain species

A

extinction

42
Q

types of extinction

certain population of organisms endemic to a place to die out

A

local extinction

43
Q

types of extinction

gradual process of becoming extinc

A

background extinction

44
Q

rate of extinction which dramatically increases as large population of organisms die out in a short period

A

mass extinction

45
Q

caused by catastrophic and global disastrous events

A

mass extinction

46
Q

mass extinction

formation of new species which survie and evolve in between mass extinctions

A

speciation

47
Q

caused by human activities, threathened species - species that could become extinct

A

premature extinction

48
Q

factors that threaten biodiversity

  • global cooling and warming
  • asteroid collision
  • natural phenomena: earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, diseases and epidemics
A

natural factors

49
Q

factors that threaten biodiversity

  • habitat destruction
  • invasive species
  • population using too many resources
  • pollution
  • climate change
  • overexploitation
A

human factors

50
Q

entails the mating of animals in zoos or wildlife reseves, where the young are taken care of and released to the wild once and and strong enogh

A

captive breeding

51
Q

how can we protect biodiversity?

seed stored in low-humidity environments to maintain its viability for future use

gene bank, botanical garden, wildlife farm

A

gene bank

52
Q

how can we protect biodiversity?

provide sanctuary to some species that may be endangered

gene bank, botanical garden, wildlife farm

A

botanical garden

53
Q

how can we protect biodiversity?

ease the pressure of harvesting animals in the wild

gene bank, botanical garden, wildlife farm

A

wildlife farm

Science (8 decks)

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