Genetics Flashcards
study of heredity, how traits are inherited from parents to offspring
genetics
unit of heredity, section of dna sequence
gene
alternative forms of a gene
alleles
fixed loaction on a strand of dna where gene or one of its alleles is located
locus
term
parental (pure-breds/true-breeding)
P
term
first filial generation; offspring from P generation
F1
second filial generation of genetic cross (F1 X F1)
F2
genetic cross involving a single pair of genes (one trait)
monohybrid cross
genetic cross involving a parir of genes (two traits)
dihybrid cross
austrian monk who worked with pea plants and is known as the father of genetics
gregor mendel
law
states that alleles of a gene seperate when gametes are formed
principal of segregation
law
states that segregation of alleles of one gene is independent of one gene is independent of the segregation of alleles of another gene during gametes formation
principal of independent assortment
types of alleles
allele of gene that suppresses expression of other allele
dominant
type of allele
represented by capital letter
dominant
type of allele
allele that is masked by a dominant allele
recessive
type of allele
represented by lowercase letter
recessive
physical and observable apperance
ex: purple flower
phenotype
genetic combination of alleles
ex: YY,Yy, yy
genotype
both alleles are the same for a trait
ex: YY, yy
homozygous allele/true-breeding
alleles are different for a trait
ex: Yy
heterozygous allele/hybrid
