non mendelian genetics

Question 1

when one allele is not completely dominant over another

Answer 1

incomplete dominance

Question 2

the heterozygous genotype is a blending of the 2 homozygous phenotypes

ex: RR : red + WW : white = RW : pink

instead of using lowercase letter for recessive, the letter will be both capital because neither trait dominates the other

Answer 2

incomplete dominance

Question 3

two alleles are both expressed as a dominant phenotype

(both traits are present in appearance)

Answer 3

codominance

Question 4

codominance, more than two choices of alleles are present for a trait

ex: blood type has 3 alleles - ABO

Answer 4

multiple alleles

Question 5

different blood groups

have A antigens on rbc surface and B antibodies in blood plasma

Answer 5

blood group A

(I^A I^A) (I^A i)

Question 6

different blood groups

have B antigens on rbc surface and A antibodies in blood plasma

Answer 6

blood group B

(I^B I^B) (I^B i)

Question 7

different blood groups

have both A and B antigens on rbc surface and no antibodies in blood plasma

Answer 7

blood group AB

(I^A I^B)

Question 8

different blood groups

have no antigens on rbc surface and have both A and B antibodies in blood plasma

Answer 8

blood group O

(i i)

Question 9

1. universal blood donor =
2. universal blood reciever/reciepient =

Answer 9

1. Blood group O
2. Blood group AB

Question 10

humans have (?) pairs of chromosomes

Answer 10

23

Question 11

22 pairs of chromosomes are called (?)

Answer 11

autosomes

Question 12

the 23rd pair of chromosomes are the (?)

Answer 12

sex chromosomes

Question 13

XX =
XY =

Answer 13

1. female
2. male

Question 14

the X chromosome is typically longer, since it bears lots of genes not found on Y chromosome, most sex-linked genes are (?)

Answer 14

x-linked genes

Question 15

a person is a carrier for a trait if they have it in their genes, but the trait does not reflect on their phenotype

a trait is in their genes but they dont have it. it can be passed on to the next generation

Answer 15

sex-linked inheritance

Question 16

give the phenotypes of the following:

Xᴿ Xʳ -
Xᴿ Y -
Xʳ Xʳ -
Xᴿ Xᴿ -
Xʳ Y -

(r - white eyed ; R -red eyed)

Answer 16

1. red eyed female carrier
2. red eyed male
3. white eyed female
4. red eyed female
5. white eyed male

Question 17

give the genotypes of the following

1. white eyed male
2. red eyed female carrier
3. white eyed female
4. red eyed male

Answer 17

1. Xʳ Y
2. Xᴿ Xʳ
3. Xʳ Xʳ
4. Xᴿ Y

Question 18

the genes are not on a sex chromosome, but biological sex affects the phenotype or the expression of the trait

dominant in one sex, but recessive in the other, difference in expression due to hormonal difference

Answer 18

sex-influenced trait

Found on any chromosome, but how they show up can depend on being male or female.

Question 19

involves autosomal traits that are expressed only in either males of females

usually due to anatomical or physiological limitations

Present in both sexes genetically, but only expressed in one

Answer 19

sex limited traits

Question 20

ability to produce milk (lactation)

Answer 20

sex limited trait

because only females have breasts/mammary gland

Question 21

susceptibility of prostate cancer

Answer 21

sex limited traits

limited to men because only males have a prostate gland

Question 22

illustration to show genetic history of a family

Answer 22

pedigree chart

Question 23

used to deduce the patterns of inheritance of genetic diseases

Answer 23

pedigree chart

Question 24

pedigree chart

females are represented by -
males are represented by -

Answer 24

1. circles
2. squares

Question 25

pedigree chart

a horizontal line connecting to the shapes indicates

□-⭘

Answer 25

those who are married

Question 26

pedigree chart

vertical lines indicate the

□-⭘
|
⭘

Answer 26

children

Question 27

pedigree chart

filled square or circles inidcate (?)
while the dots represent (?)

⨀⊡ ■ ●

Answer 27

1. individuals known to be affected by a trait
2. the carriers