PHOTOSYNTHESIS Flashcards
Process of manufacturing food in plants mainly sugar from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of chlorophyll utilizing light energy and releasing oxygen gas
Photosynthesis
Essential factors in photosynthesis
Raw materials
Energy
Pigments
Temperature
Carrier molecules
Enzymes
Two types of raw materials in photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide and water
From the atmosphere which diffuses into the intercellular spaces of the leaf through the stoma
Carbon dioxide
Absorb from the environment by the cells in vascular plants These absorption is by the roots and water is transported to the leaves through the xylem
Water
What is the source of energy
Light energy
Most effective wavelength of light energy
Red and blue wavelength
Color that mainly reflected from and transmitted through the leaves
Green and yellow
The main source of light energy
Sun or solar energy
Other source of light energy
Electric light
Enables the plant to absorb light energy and to use the absorb energy in the production of sugars
Pigments
Example of pigments
Chlorophyll
Xanthophyll
Carotenes
Pigment primarily involved in photosynthesis
Chlorophyll
Yellow pigments
Xanthophyll
Yellow orange pigments
Carotene
The range of temperature for photosynthesis is from
5 to 40° C
Important in transferring hydrogen atoms electrons and energy
Carrier molecules
Speed up the chemical reaction also present in chloroplast
Enzymes
The principal end product in the majority of plants
Six carbon sugar or hexose
A 3 carbon compound which is the first product formed
Phosphoglyceric acid (PGA)
____ molecules of PGA is readily converted to hexose
12
Four carbon compound which is the first product formed in some plants term the c4 plants as differentiated from the c3 plants
Oxaloacetic acid
It refers to a series of complex oxidation reduction reactions whereby leaving cells obtain energy through the breakdown of organic material
Respiration
In this process therefore chemical energy of food is transferred to the chemical energy of some compounds usually ATP
Respiration
Common method used in respiration
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle or Citric Acid Cycle
Terminal oxidation
Anaerobic conversion of glucose to two pyruvic acid molecules
Glycolysis
Breaks down pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide and hydroxide
Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle
Process were in the each atoms given of during the Krebs cycle are passed along a series of compounds and energy is transferred to chemical bonds
Terminal oxidation
It is the loss of water in vapor form in a living plant
The principal transpiring organs are the leaves
Transpiration
Factors affecting transpiration rate
Environmental factors
Structural factors preventing water loss
Environmental factors
Atmospheric humidity
Air movements
Air temperature
Light intensity
Soil conditions
Structural factors preventing water loss
Cuticle
Stomatal barrier
Sunken stomata
Distribution of stomata
Reduction of transpiring surface
The dryer the air above the plant the greater is the transpiration
Atmospheric humidity
The more rapid the air movement the faster is the rate of transpiration
Air movements
The higher the temperature of air surrounding the leaf the faster is the rate of transpiration
Air temperature
As light intensity increases the transpiration rate is also increase
Light intensity
Influences water absorption by the roots affects transpiration rate
Soil conditions
