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Integrated Science Exam > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

It is a plant organ that collects solar energy and converts it to food.

A

Leaf

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2
Q

The leaf primary purpose is to conduct ______________

A

photosynthesis

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3
Q

What is angiosperms?

A

Flowering Plants

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4
Q

Leaves of angiosperms are ________ to make the most of light absorption and the exchange of gases.

A

flattened

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5
Q

It has a broad, flattened blade connected to the stem by a petiole, which is a stem-like structure.

A

Dicot leaf

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6
Q

It wraps around the stem in a sheath.

A

Monocot Leaf

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7
Q

The epidermal cells secrete a waxy substance called _________ that covers the outer epidermal surface and functions to reduce water loss through evaporation and to prevent external water and solutes from entering the leaf.

A

Cuticle

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8
Q

It is a long, narrow epidermal cell that grows perpendicular to the surface.

A

Trichome

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9
Q

They reduce water loss by slowing air movement close to the leaves and, in the case of desert plants, may protect the leaves from high light intensity.

A

Trichome

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10
Q

They discourage some pests from devouring the leaves.

A

Trichome

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11
Q

It is a tiny pore in the epidermis that regulates the exchange of gases.

A

Stoma

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12
Q

It is more prevalent on the lower epidermis than on the upper epidermis.

A

Stomata - plural
Stoma - singular

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13
Q

Each stoma is enclosed by two specialized epidermal cells called ____________.

A

guard cells

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14
Q

A guard cell is one of a pair of cells that regulate the opening and closing of the stoma, through which the diffusion of ____________, _________, and, _____________ is allowed.

A

carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water vapor

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15
Q

It is a primary photosynthetic tissue.

A

mesophyll

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16
Q

What is between the epidermal layers?

A

primary photosynthetic tissue called the mesophyll.

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17
Q

It consists of parenchyma cells organized into two regions.

A

Mesophyll

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18
Q

It is a tight stratum of vertically arranged mesophyll cells lying just below the upper epidermis.

A

palisade layer

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19
Q

Cells of the palisade layer contain three to five times as many chloroplasts as those of the other region, the ______________ layer.

A

spongy mesophyll

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20
Q

What are the two types of region in mesophyll?

A

palisade and spongy layer

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21
Q

The layer is a loosely arranged layer of cells beneath the palisade layer that is interspersed with an open intercellular system.

A

spongy mesophyll

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22
Q

The cavities between the spongy mesophyll cells are in direct contact with the _______ via the stomata.

A

atmosphere

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23
Q

Mesophyll contain cells different pigments,
colored including ___________, ___________ , and __________.

A

chlorophyll, carotenoids, and anthocyanins

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24
Q

It is the primary pigment involved in photosynthesis and is the most efficient light-capturing pigment.

A

Chlorophyll

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25
Q

Leaves appear green because of ___________.

A

chlorophyll

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26
Q

It is the most abundant pigment in the leaves of a growing plant.

A

chlorophyll

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27
Q

It is a bright green pigment responsible for absorbing energy from the violet-blue to red, red-orange light wavelengths.

A

Chlorophyll a

28
Q

It is a yellow-green pigment that absorbs red-blue wavelengths of light.

A

Chlorophyll b

29
Q

“Chlorophyll a” is a _____________ responsible for absorbing energy from the violet-blue to red, red-orange light wavelengths.

A

bright green pigment

30
Q

“Chlorophyll b” is a ____________ that absorbs red-blue wavelengths of light.

A

yellow-green pigment

31
Q

It delivers water and dissolved minerals to the leaf tissues

A

Xylem

32
Q

Where is xylem located?

A

Upper side of the vein

33
Q

It carries sugars from the leaf.

A

Phloem

34
Q

Where is phloem located?

A

Bottom side of the vein.

35
Q

________ are numerous enough so every cell is reached for exchange of materials.

A

Veins

36
Q

It is the process that converts solar energy into chemical energy that is used by biological system.

A

photosynthesis

37
Q

What are the three major events in photosynthesis?

A
  1. Sunlight is converted into chemical energy.
  2. Water is split into oxygen.
  3. Carbon dioxide is fixed into sugars.
38
Q

What is the photosynthesis reaction?

A

6 CO2 + 12 H2O + Sunlight —-> C6H12O6 + 6 H20 + 6 O2

39
Q

Certain bacteria, plants, most algae, cyanobacteria, and phytoplankton are organisms known as ______________.

A

Photoautotrophs

40
Q

They are producers that make their own food and energy from the sun.

A

Photoautotrophs

41
Q

During photosynthesis, plants produce _________ molecules when they convert light energy into chemical energy.

A

Glucose

42
Q

When plants produce excess glucose they store it in their ________.

A

Leaves

43
Q

It is a sugar.

A

Glucose

44
Q

Plants can also make glucose into carbohydrate chains called _________.

A

Polysaccharides

45
Q

What does poly and saccharide mean in polysaccharides?

A

Poly = many
Saccharides = carbohydrates

46
Q

Glucose is a _________.

A

Monosaccharide

47
Q

What are the two polysaccharide chains in plants?

A

Cellulose and Starch

48
Q

It is the structural component of cell walls.

A

Cellulose

49
Q

It is a long term energy store that the plant can use later.

A

Starch

50
Q

Chloroplasts are full of round flattened discs called _____________.

A

Thylakoids

51
Q

What is a stack of thylakoid called?

A

Granum

52
Q

This is where the photosynthesis occurs.

A

Chloroplasts

53
Q

It is the space inside chloroplasts.

A

Stroma

54
Q

What are the two photosynthesis reaction?

A

Light and dark reactions

55
Q

__________ or “light dependent reactions” capture light energy to power photosynthesis.

A

Light reactions

56
Q

What time does light reaction occurs?

A

Day time

57
Q

Pigments in the thylakoid membranes form protein complexes are called __________ and __________.

A

Photosystem 1 and Photosystem 2

58
Q

__________ or “light dependent reactions” do not need light energy to power their reactions and can occur day or night.

A

Dark Reactions

59
Q

The dark reactions are also called the _________.

A

Calvin - Bensen - Bassham or just Calvin Cycle

60
Q

Where does dark reactions occur?

A

Stroma of choloroplasts

61
Q

What are the energy carrying molecules?

A

ATP & NADP+

62
Q

What does NADP+ means?

A

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

63
Q

NADP+ can hold __________ charged from light energy harvested by chlorophyll to become _________.

A

Excited electrons
NADPH

64
Q

What does ATP means?

A

adenosine triphosphate

65
Q

______ + ________ = adenosine

A

Adenine + ribose

66
Q

It is called the “cellular currency” because it is used to power all the reactions that take place in the cells of all living things.

A

ATP

67
Q

When ATP’s third phosphate is broken off it is called ________

A

ADP or adenosine diphosphate

Integrated Science Exam (9 decks)

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