Photosynthesis Flashcards
It is a plant organ that collects solar energy and converts it to food.
Leaf
The leaf primary purpose is to conduct ______________
photosynthesis
What is angiosperms?
Flowering Plants
Leaves of angiosperms are ________ to make the most of light absorption and the exchange of gases.
flattened
It has a broad, flattened blade connected to the stem by a petiole, which is a stem-like structure.
Dicot leaf
It wraps around the stem in a sheath.
Monocot Leaf
The epidermal cells secrete a waxy substance called _________ that covers the outer epidermal surface and functions to reduce water loss through evaporation and to prevent external water and solutes from entering the leaf.
Cuticle
It is a long, narrow epidermal cell that grows perpendicular to the surface.
Trichome
They reduce water loss by slowing air movement close to the leaves and, in the case of desert plants, may protect the leaves from high light intensity.
Trichome
They discourage some pests from devouring the leaves.
Trichome
It is a tiny pore in the epidermis that regulates the exchange of gases.
Stoma
It is more prevalent on the lower epidermis than on the upper epidermis.
Stomata - plural
Stoma - singular
Each stoma is enclosed by two specialized epidermal cells called ____________.
guard cells
A guard cell is one of a pair of cells that regulate the opening and closing of the stoma, through which the diffusion of ____________, _________, and, _____________ is allowed.
carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water vapor
It is a primary photosynthetic tissue.
mesophyll
What is between the epidermal layers?
primary photosynthetic tissue called the mesophyll.
It consists of parenchyma cells organized into two regions.
Mesophyll
It is a tight stratum of vertically arranged mesophyll cells lying just below the upper epidermis.
palisade layer
Cells of the palisade layer contain three to five times as many chloroplasts as those of the other region, the ______________ layer.
spongy mesophyll
What are the two types of region in mesophyll?
palisade and spongy layer
The layer is a loosely arranged layer of cells beneath the palisade layer that is interspersed with an open intercellular system.
spongy mesophyll
The cavities between the spongy mesophyll cells are in direct contact with the _______ via the stomata.
atmosphere
Mesophyll contain cells different pigments,
colored including ___________, ___________ , and __________.
chlorophyll, carotenoids, and anthocyanins
It is the primary pigment involved in photosynthesis and is the most efficient light-capturing pigment.
Chlorophyll
Leaves appear green because of ___________.
chlorophyll
It is the most abundant pigment in the leaves of a growing plant.
chlorophyll
It is a bright green pigment responsible for absorbing energy from the violet-blue to red, red-orange light wavelengths.
Chlorophyll a
It is a yellow-green pigment that absorbs red-blue wavelengths of light.
Chlorophyll b
“Chlorophyll a” is a _____________ responsible for absorbing energy from the violet-blue to red, red-orange light wavelengths.
bright green pigment
“Chlorophyll b” is a ____________ that absorbs red-blue wavelengths of light.
yellow-green pigment
It delivers water and dissolved minerals to the leaf tissues
Xylem
Where is xylem located?
Upper side of the vein
It carries sugars from the leaf.
Phloem
Where is phloem located?
Bottom side of the vein.
________ are numerous enough so every cell is reached for exchange of materials.
Veins
It is the process that converts solar energy into chemical energy that is used by biological system.
photosynthesis
What are the three major events in photosynthesis?
- Sunlight is converted into chemical energy.
- Water is split into oxygen.
- Carbon dioxide is fixed into sugars.
What is the photosynthesis reaction?
6 CO2 + 12 H2O + Sunlight —-> C6H12O6 + 6 H20 + 6 O2
Certain bacteria, plants, most algae, cyanobacteria, and phytoplankton are organisms known as ______________.
Photoautotrophs
They are producers that make their own food and energy from the sun.
Photoautotrophs
During photosynthesis, plants produce _________ molecules when they convert light energy into chemical energy.
Glucose
When plants produce excess glucose they store it in their ________.
Leaves
It is a sugar.
Glucose
Plants can also make glucose into carbohydrate chains called _________.
Polysaccharides
What does poly and saccharide mean in polysaccharides?
Poly = many
Saccharides = carbohydrates
Glucose is a _________.
Monosaccharide
What are the two polysaccharide chains in plants?
Cellulose and Starch
It is the structural component of cell walls.
Cellulose
It is a long term energy store that the plant can use later.
Starch
Chloroplasts are full of round flattened discs called _____________.
Thylakoids
What is a stack of thylakoid called?
Granum
This is where the photosynthesis occurs.
Chloroplasts
It is the space inside chloroplasts.
Stroma
What are the two photosynthesis reaction?
Light and dark reactions
__________ or “light dependent reactions” capture light energy to power photosynthesis.
Light reactions
What time does light reaction occurs?
Day time
Pigments in the thylakoid membranes form protein complexes are called __________ and __________.
Photosystem 1 and Photosystem 2
__________ or “light dependent reactions” do not need light energy to power their reactions and can occur day or night.
Dark Reactions
The dark reactions are also called the _________.
Calvin - Bensen - Bassham or just Calvin Cycle
Where does dark reactions occur?
Stroma of choloroplasts
What are the energy carrying molecules?
ATP & NADP+
What does NADP+ means?
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NADP+ can hold __________ charged from light energy harvested by chlorophyll to become _________.
Excited electrons
NADPH
What does ATP means?
adenosine triphosphate
______ + ________ = adenosine
Adenine + ribose
It is called the “cellular currency” because it is used to power all the reactions that take place in the cells of all living things.
ATP
When ATP’s third phosphate is broken off it is called ________
ADP or adenosine diphosphate
