1 The Periodic Table of Elements Flashcards
____ are the simplest and
smallest particle
Atoms
Atoms are composed of
_________
Protons, electrons, and
neutrons.
The number of _____ in the
nucleus of an atom is equal to
its atomic number
protons
A _______ is a positively charged particle
inside the nucleus.
proton
A _____ is a neutral particle also inside
the nucleus.
neutron
An _____ is a negatively charged particle
that orbits the nucleus.
electron
_______ are substances that cannot be
broken down any further by chemical
means
Elements
True or false: Elements are substances that can be
broken down any further by chemical
means
False
_______ is the arrangement of elements by increasing atomic number and similar properties.
The Periodic Table
Each element on the Periodic Table has ____, _____, _____ and _____.
Atomic number, symbol, name and average atomic mass
_______ – the number of protons found in
the nucleus of an atom
Atomic number
_________ – the mass of an atom
including the protons, neutrons and electrons.
Average atomic mass
_________ – the mass of an atom
including the protons, neutrons and electrons.
Average atomic mass
The Three States of Matter
Solid, Liquid, Gas
The Three States of Matter
Solid, Liquid, Gas
▪ Particles held tightly
▪ Very close together
▪ Regular arrangement
▪ Vibrate
▪ Can’t move from place
to place
Solid
▪ Particles held weakly
▪ Very close together
▪ Random arrangement
▪ Vibrate
▪ Constantly move past
each other
Liquid
▪ No attraction between
particles
▪ Far apart
▪ Random arrangement
▪ Vibrate
▪ Move quickly in all
directions
Gas
True or false: Elements in the same group have similar
properties.
True
Groups refer to ______.
columns
_______ - a property used to
characterize materials in reactions that change
their identity
Chemical Property
What property is burning something?
Chemical Property
________ - a characteristic of a substance
that can be observed without changing the
substance into something else.
Physical Property
What property is measuring
something’s length, color, mass or volume?
Physical Property
The major categories of elements are the _____, _____, and ______.
Metals, non-metals, and metalloids.
_____ are lustrous, malleable, and are good
conductors of heat and electricity.
Metals
Describe metals
lustrous, malleable, and are good
conductors of heat and electricity.
______ are elements that do not share
the properties of metals.
Non-metals
_______ are elements that share some,
but not all the properties of metals.
Metalloids
Physical properties of metals
Lustrous, Malleable, and
Good Conductors
______ means shiny or reflective of light.
Lustrous
_______ means capable of being shaped.
Malleable
Being a _________ means being able to
allow electricity and heat to flow through.
Good Conductor
Describe Elements in Group 1
React violently with water.
Highly reactive.
Soft and silvery metals
Alkali metals
What types of metals are elements in Group 1?
Alkali metals
Describe Elements in Group 2
Reactive Metals that are
always combined with
non-metals in nature.
Several of these
elements are important
mineral nutrients, like
Calcium.
What types of metals are elements in Group 2?
Alkaline Earth Metals
Describe Elements in Groups 3-12
Less reactive, harder metals.
Includes metals used in jewelry, money and
construction.
What types of metals are elements in Groups 3-12?
Transition Metals
What is the family of the Elements in Groups 13
Boron Family
Describe boron
Boron has properties of both metals
and non-metals.
What is the family of the Elements in Groups 14
Carbon Family
Describe Elements in Groups 14
Contains elements important to life and
computers.
______ is the basic element in all organic
compounds.
Carbon
_____ and ____ are
important
semiconductors
Silicon, Germanium
What is the family of the Elements in Groups 15
Nitrogen Family
______ makes up more than ¾ of
our atmosphere
Nitrogen
The red tip of matches is made of
_______.
phosphorous
The red tip of matches is made of
_______.
phosphorous
What is the family of the Elements in Groups 16
Oxygen Family
Another name for Oxygen family
Chalcogens
_____ is necessary for respiration
Oxygen
Many things that have a bad odor
contain _____
sulfur
What do you call elements in Group 17?
Halogens
Describe Elements in Group 17
- Very reactive, diatomic non-metals.
- Always found combined with other
elements in nature.
______ is used to keep bacteria out of
swimming pools.
Chlorine
What do you call elements in Group 17?
Noble Gases
Describe Elements in Group 17
- VERY non reactive gases.
- Used in lighted neon signs.
______ is used to make party balloons float
Helium
