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Biology > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Living things get their energy from

A

Food

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2
Q

Some organisms make food by converting___into___

A

-energy from the sun
-glucose

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3
Q

The process of converting energy from the sun into glucose

A

Photosynthesis

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4
Q

Who produces their own food

A

Autotrophs

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5
Q

Also called producers

A

Autotrophs

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6
Q

Must consume food

A

Heterotrophs

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7
Q

Also called consumers

A

Heterotrophs

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8
Q

Chloroplasts are found in what cells?

A

Plant cells and some unicellular organisms

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9
Q

Where does photosynthesis take place?

A

Chloroplasts

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10
Q

Where are chloroplast most concentrated in the leaf?

A

Mesophyll layer

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11
Q

What are the 3 inputs for photosynthesis?

A

solar energy, carbon dioxide, and water

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12
Q

What are the openings or pores on the underside of the leaf?

A

Stomata

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13
Q

Where in the leaf does carbon dioxide enter and oxygen leave?

A

The stomata

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14
Q

What is the food that is produced by photosynthesis?

A

glucose

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15
Q

What is a 6 carbon sugar that cells use for energy?

A

Glucose

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16
Q

What do plants use some of the glucose for?

A

Cellular Respiration

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17
Q

Where is excess glucose stored in or what is glucose converted into?

A

Organic Compounds

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18
Q

Where does the plant store excess glucose in?

A

Leaves, roots, stems, or fruit

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19
Q

Where does most photosynthesis occur?

A

In leaves

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20
Q

What does the veins do?

A

They carry water and sugars to various parts of the plant.

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21
Q

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

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22
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

6 carbon dioxide + 6 water → glucose + 6 oxygen

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23
Q

What is the original energy source for photosynthesis?

A

Light

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24
Q

What is the small part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye?

A

Visible LIght

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25
Q

In photosynthesis light energy is absorbed by what?

A

Chlorophyll molecules

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26
Q

In photosynthesis light energy is converted into what?

A

chemical energy

27
Q

What is the green pigment in plants?

A

Chlorophyll

28
Q

Why do plants look green?

A

Because chlorophyll reflects green light

29
Q

What happens in the light reactions?

A

Light energy is converted into ATP and NADPH

30
Q

What happens in the Calvin Cycle?

A

ATP and NADPH is used to make glucose

31
Q

What does an ATP molecule store?

A

potential energy

32
Q

How is energy released from an ATP molecule?

A

when a phosphate group is pulled away during a chemical reaction

33
Q

What is NADPH?

A

A high energy electron carrier molecule

34
Q

How is NADPH formed?

A

When a NADP+ is reduced by the addition of 2 high energy electrons

35
Q

What are the two stages of photosynthesis?

A

The Light Reactions and The Calvin Cycle

36
Q

The light reactions use ___ and release ___

A

water
oxygen

37
Q

The light reactions occur in what?

A

the thylakoid membrane

38
Q

what are chlorophyll and other molecules arranged in?

A

clusters called photosystems

39
Q

PS11 and PS1 is built into what?

A

the thylakoid membrane

40
Q

How does the light reaction start?

A

A pigment molecule in PS11 absorbs a photon of light, which excites one of the pigments electrons

41
Q

A light-excited electron jumps from one chlorophyll molecule to the next until it reaches the

A

reaction center

42
Q

What do excited electrons do when they fall back down to their original position?

A

release energy

43
Q

what does a reaction center contain?

A

chlorophyll a molecules and a primary electron acceptor(PEA)

44
Q

what is the function of a PEA?

A

to capture a light-excited electron from chlorophyll a and pass it to an electron transport chain

45
Q

What does an ETC do?

A

Helps excited electrons fall from PSII to PSI

46
Q

As electrons move along the electron transport chain what is released?

A

Energy

47
Q

What is the energy from the electron transport chain used for?`

A

to pump H+ ions across the membrane and establish a concentration gradient

48
Q

What is the diffusion of ions through a semi-permeable membrane?

A

Chemiosmosis

49
Q

What is the molecule built into the membrane that produces ATP from ADP as H+ ions pass through?

A

ATP Synthase

50
Q

In PSl, what happens when the primary electron acceptor captures the excited e-?

A

It passes it to a short ETC which generates NADPH

51
Q

In PSl what accepts electrons at the end of the ETC to form NADPH?

A

NADP+

52
Q

What are the products of the light reactions?

A

ATP, NADPH, and Oxygen

53
Q

What are the inputs of the Calvin Cycle?

A

ATP, NADPH, and Carbon Dioxide

54
Q

What is the output of the Calvin Cycle?

A

G3P

55
Q

What is G3P?

A

3 carbon sugar that is used to make glucose

56
Q

Where does the calvin cycle take place?

A

the stroma

57
Q

Why is the Calvin Cycle called a cycle?

A

Because the starting molecule RuBP is regenerated

58
Q

How many steps are in the Calvin Cycle?

A

4

59
Q

What happens in step 1 of the Calvin Cycle?

A

Carbon Fixation

60
Q

What is the equation for Carbon Fixation?

A

3CO2+3RuBP→2(3-PGA)

61
Q

What is step 2 of the calvin cycle?

A

The reduction to 6 ATP + 6 NADPH to make 6 molecules of G3P

62
Q

What is step 3 of the calvin cycle?

A

The release of 1 molecule of the sugar G3P

63
Q

What is step 4 of the Calvin Cycle?

A

Using 3 ATP to make RuBP from the 5 remaining G3P molecules

64
Q

How many G3P are needed to make glucose?

A

2

Biology (5 decks)

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