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Biology > DNA > Flashcards

DNA Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is DNA?

A

Genetic information

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2
Q

What is the purpose of DNA?

A

To determine an organism’s traits by determining the structure of proteins

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3
Q

What did Alfred Hersey and Martha Chase’s experiment prove?

A

DNA is the genetic material

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4
Q

DNA is a ____ made up of a bunch of ____ subunits.

A

polymer
monomer

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5
Q

What are the subunits of DNA called?

A

nucleotide

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6
Q

What is Chargaff’s rule also called?

A

the base pairing rule

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7
Q

What does Chargaff’s Rule say?

A

A-T & C-G

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8
Q

What did James Watson and Francis Crick determine about the shape of DNA?

A

It is a Double Helix

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9
Q

What is the backbone of a nucleotide?

A

sugar and phosphate

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10
Q

What goes in the middle of the nucleotide?

A

nitrogenous bases

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11
Q

What bonds to the nitrogenous base?

A

Sugar

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12
Q

What does DNA replication mean?

A

To make an exact copy of DNA

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13
Q

When does DNA Replication happen?

A

In Interphase before Mitosis & Meiosis

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14
Q

What is the 5’?

A

The phosphate sticking out

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15
Q

What is the 3’?

A

The bottom of the sugar where a new phosphate connects

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16
Q

What are Genes?

A

The sequence of nucleotides

17
Q

What do Genes determine?

A

Which proteins are made

18
Q

What is the point of DNA Replication?

A

To use the code found in DNA to make proteins

19
Q

What r proteins that make up ligaments, muscle, and bone?

A

Structural Proteins

20
Q

What are proteins that help carry out all the important processes of life?

A

Enzyme Proteins

21
Q

What are the monomer subunits of proteins?

A

Amino acids

22
Q

How is RNA different form DNA?

A
  • single-stranded
    -ribose sugar
    -has uracil
23
Q

What are the 3 types of RNA?

A

-Messenger RNA (mRNA)
-Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
-Transfer RNA (tRNA)

24
Q

How are all 3 types of RNA made?

A

By copying themselves from DNA in a process called transcription.

25
Q

What is DNA polymerase?

A

An enzyme that separates the DNA strand + makes RNA

26
Q

What does DNA Helicase do?

A

Unzips the parental DNA

27
Q

What is the way is the Leading Strand going?

A

5’ to 3’

28
Q

What way is the Lagging Strand going?

A

3’ to 5’

29
Q

The code that is usefull is called

A

exons

30
Q

the code that is junk is called

A

introns

31
Q

what are the enzymes that cut out the introns

A

splicesosomes

32
Q

the process of converting mRNA info into protein is called

A

translation

33
Q

translation takes place in

A

ribosomes

34
Q

mRNA travels from _____ to the _____

A

nucleus
cytoplasm

35
Q

as the _____ on the mRNA are read by the ribosome, the ribosome matches up the corresponding tRNA with the anti-codon

A

codon
tRNA

36
Q

the amino acids are joined together by

A

peptide bonds

Biology (5 decks)

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