DNA Flashcards
What is DNA?
Genetic information
What is the purpose of DNA?
To determine an organism’s traits by determining the structure of proteins
What did Alfred Hersey and Martha Chase’s experiment prove?
DNA is the genetic material
DNA is a ____ made up of a bunch of ____ subunits.
polymer
monomer
What are the subunits of DNA called?
nucleotide
What is Chargaff’s rule also called?
the base pairing rule
What does Chargaff’s Rule say?
A-T & C-G
What did James Watson and Francis Crick determine about the shape of DNA?
It is a Double Helix
What is the backbone of a nucleotide?
sugar and phosphate
What goes in the middle of the nucleotide?
nitrogenous bases
What bonds to the nitrogenous base?
Sugar
What does DNA replication mean?
To make an exact copy of DNA
When does DNA Replication happen?
In Interphase before Mitosis & Meiosis
What is the 5’?
The phosphate sticking out
What is the 3’?
The bottom of the sugar where a new phosphate connects
What are Genes?
The sequence of nucleotides
What do Genes determine?
Which proteins are made
What is the point of DNA Replication?
To use the code found in DNA to make proteins
What r proteins that make up ligaments, muscle, and bone?
Structural Proteins
What are proteins that help carry out all the important processes of life?
Enzyme Proteins
What are the monomer subunits of proteins?
Amino acids
How is RNA different form DNA?
- single-stranded
-ribose sugar
-has uracil
What are the 3 types of RNA?
-Messenger RNA (mRNA)
-Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
-Transfer RNA (tRNA)
How are all 3 types of RNA made?
By copying themselves from DNA in a process called transcription.
What is DNA polymerase?
An enzyme that separates the DNA strand + makes RNA
What does DNA Helicase do?
Unzips the parental DNA
What is the way is the Leading Strand going?
5’ to 3’
What way is the Lagging Strand going?
3’ to 5’
The code that is usefull is called
exons
the code that is junk is called
introns
what are the enzymes that cut out the introns
splicesosomes
the process of converting mRNA info into protein is called
translation
translation takes place in
ribosomes
mRNA travels from _____ to the _____
nucleus
cytoplasm
as the _____ on the mRNA are read by the ribosome, the ribosome matches up the corresponding tRNA with the anti-codon
codon
tRNA
the amino acids are joined together by
peptide bonds
