Cell Transport & Plasma Membrane

Question 1

The process of maintaining balance inside a cell

Answer 1

homeostasis

Question 2

a boundary between a cell and it’s environment

Answer 2

plasma membrane

Question 3

a feature of the plasma membrane that keeps some substances out

Answer 3

selective permeability

Question 4

separates prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells from the watery environment in which they exist

Answer 4

plasma membrane

Question 5

the quality of a plasma membrane that allows oxygen and glucose to move in

Answer 5

selective permeability

Question 6

maintained by the plasma membrane

Answer 6

homeostasis

Question 7

make up most of the molecules in the plasma membrane

Answer 7

lipids

Question 8

a molecule that has a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid chains, and a phospholipids arranged tail-to-tail

Answer 8

phospholipid bilayer

Question 9

the phospholipid “sea” in which embedded substances float

Answer 9

fluid mosaic model

Question 10

boundary between cell and environment

Answer 10

plasma membrane

Question 11

remove excess amounts of nutrients when levels get so high they are harmful

Answer 11

Plasma membrane

Question 12

structure of phospholipids is composed of:

Answer 12

two layers of phospholipids back-to-back

Question 13

describes the plasma membrane as a flexible boundary of a cell

Answer 13

fluid mosaic model

Question 14

plays the important role of preventing the fatty acid chains of the phospholipids from sticking together

Answer 14

cholesterol

Question 15

allow needed substances or waste materials to move through the plasma membrane

Answer 15

transport proteins

Question 16

to transport the ions and water molecules quickly through the membrane

Answer 16

channel protein

Question 17

to initiate a signaling cascade, or chemical response, that induces cell growth

Answer 17

receptor protein

Question 18

to act as doors to the cell, helping certain molecules pass back and forth across the plasma membrane

Answer 18

transport protein

Question 19

to insert and assume a place in the bilayer structure of the membrane

Answer 19

anchor protein

Question 20

movement of a substance through the cell’s membrane without the expenditure of energy

Answer 20

passive transport

Question 21

3 types of passive transport

Answer 21

diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion

Question 22

net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

Answer 22

diffusion

Question 23

concentration of the molecules of a substance is the same throughout a space

Answer 23

equilibrium

Question 24

any substance that dissolves in another

Answer 24

solute

Question 25

the substance that dissolves the solute

Answer 25

solvent

Question 26

mixture of solutes and solvents is a:

Answer 26

solution

Question 27

rate of diffusion depends on 3 factors:

Answer 27

-temperature
-size of molecules diffusing
-type of molecules diffusing

Question 28

diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane in the direction of higher solute concentration

Answer 28

osmosis

Question 29

increased water pressure as a result of osmosis

Answer 29

osmotic pressure

Question 30

3 types of osmotic solutions:

Answer 30

hypertonic
hypotonic
isotonic

Question 31

a) when the solute concentration in the environment is higher that that in the cell
b) causes water to move out of the cell; cell will shrink

Answer 31

hypertonic

Question 32

a) when the solute concentration in the environment is lower than that in the cell
b) causes water to move into the cell; cell will expand and possibly burst

Answer 32

hypotonic

Question 33

a) when the solute concentration in the environment is equal to that in the cell
b) equal amounts of water will move into or out of the cell; cell volume remains constant

Answer 33

Isotonic

Question 34

transport of specific particles through a membrane by a transport protein, which can either be a channel or carrier protein

Answer 34

facilitated diffusion

Question 35

transport protein

Answer 35

channel or carrier protein

Question 36

solutes always move from an area of higher solute concentration to an area of lower solute concentration

Answer 36

facilitated transport

Question 37

move from an area of low concentration to high concentration

Answer 37

active transport

Question 38

active transport involves:

Answer 38

-carrier proteins called pumps
-use energy

Question 39

3 types of active transport

Answer 39

proton pumps, sodium potassium pumps, bulk transport

Question 40

a)pump hydrogen ions across the membrane
b) result is an electrochemical concentration gradient across the membrane

Answer 40

proton pumps

Question 41

important for:
1. muscle contractions
2. the transmission of nerve impulses
3. the absorption of nutrients

Answer 41

sodium-potassium pumps

Question 42

in animal cells pump sodium ions out and potassium in against their concentration gradient

Answer 42

sodium-potassium pumps

Question 43

can be combined with coupled channels which carry the sodium ions along with e food molecules back into the cell

Answer 43

sodium-potassium pumps

Question 44

type of transport specific to larger particles

Answer 44

bulk transport

Question 45

large molecules are packaged in membrane-bound sacs called vesicles and moved across the membrane

Answer 45

bulk transport

Question 46

cell membrane folds into a pouch(vesicle) that encloses the particles
vesicle can fuse with other organelles or release its contents into cytoplasm

Answer 46

endocytosis

Question 47

-type of endocytosis
-nicknamed “cell drinking”
-occurs when liquids containing dissolved molecules from outside the cell are brought in

Answer 47

Pinocytosis

Question 48

-type of endocytosis
-nicknamed “cell eating”
-occurs when cell engulfs a food particle or other solid materials

Answer 48

Phagocytosis

Question 49

-the opposite of endocytosis
-waste and cell products leave the cell
-packaged into vesicles then fuse with the cell membrane and secrete out

Answer 49

Exocytosis

Question 50

allow a steady supply of glucose, amino acid, and lipids to come into the cell

Answer 50

plasma membrane