Photosynethis Apple Flashcards
The next time you eat an apple, reflect on the apple trees ability to make the sugar it Contains using sunlight to assemble simple substances from air and soil. This process is called
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis takes place in the
Chloroplasts
In cells of tissues called the _____ inside the leaves of the apple tree
Mesophyll
Photosynthesis actually consists of two processes: in the ___ reactions
Lifht
In the light reactions ____ molecules in membrane called _____ in the chloroplast capture light energy
Chlorophyll
Thylakoids
In the ______ cycle which takes place in the _____ surrounding the thylakoids, this energy is used to make sugar, a process ___ fixation
Calvin
Stroma
Carbon
Chlorophyll molecules absorbs ____ packets of light energy
Photons
Chlorophyll absorbs only certain wavelength or colors of light mainly in the ____ and ____ parts of the spectrum
Blue and red
It reflects ___ light
Green
Other pigments such as ____ can absorb colors that chlorophyll cannot use directly and transfer this energy to chlorophyll
Castotenoids
Chlorophyll and other pigments are clustered on the thylakoid membranes in groups called
Photosystems
All the pigment molecules in a photosystem pass their energy along to a single chlorophyll molecule called the _____ in the middle
Of the photsystem
Rx center complex
There are two kinds of photosystems, photosystem 1 and photosystem 2 which absorbs sightly different colors of
Light
Most bacteria and all __ and algae power the production of _____ through a process that starts with when photons energize a chlorophyll molecule in photosystem 1
Plants
Atp/ glucose
This raises the chlorophyll’s __ to an excited state
Electron
The excited electrons are passed to the chlorophyll at the reaction center, which passes them to a protein called the ____
1degree e-acceptor
From here the electrons travel along an _____ chain and end up as high energy electrons in a molecule called ____
E- transport
NADPH
In the cells in the leaves of an apple tree, photosystem 2 replaces the electrons lost by photosystem
1
A chlorophyll molecule of photosystem 2 absorbs ____ and ejects ___
Light/ photon
Electrons
These pass to a ___ and on to an electron transport chain
Primary electron acceptor
The electrons pass down the chain and eventually end up replacing the electrons lost by he chlorophyll of
Photosystem 1
On their way down the electron transport chain, the electrons perform important
Work
One of the electron carries in the chain uses the energy released by electrons to transport ___ ions from the ____ into the space inside the ___
H+
Stroma
Thylakoids
This creates a build up of h+ ions a concentration ___ of h+ across the membrane
Gradient
The H+ ions than diffuse Through the membrane via a protein complex called ____ which captures their energy to make
Atp synthesis
Atp
In photosynthesis this chemiosmotic production of ATP is called
Photophosprulation
How does photosynthesis 2 replace its lost electrons? It gets them by splitting ___
H2O
When the electrons of photosystem 2 are jarred loose, the reaction center develops a strong attraction for electrons. It obtains them by breaking a molecule apart called
H2O
This leaves two H+ ions( which pass into the thylakoid space) and an ___. Atom
Oxygen
This atom combines with another from another water molecule to form a molecule of __ gas which diffuses out of the leaf- a product of photosynthesis important to us and other animals
O2
At this point the cells of the apple tree have cuptured the energy of the sun in molecules of NADPH and ATP, but so far they have
Made no
Sugar
The NADPH and ATP are used, and sugar is made, in the ___ cycle the second portion of ___ that takes place in the ___ of the chloroplast around the thylakoids
Calvin
Photosynthesis
Stroma
Using carbon from ___ obtained from the air, energy from ATP and hydrogen and high energy electrons carried by ___ the enzymes of the Calvin cycle construct ___, a high energy sugar molecule
CO2
NADH
G3P
In a series of steps, these molecules are combined for form the important six carbon sugar ___ and other organic compounds in the leaves and other parts of the plants
Glucose
The cellulose that gives and apple its crunch and the sugar that gives it its sweet taste are made from the glucose made in photosynthesis. In your intestines the sugars enter your ____ and are transported to your body cells
Blood
There are chemical pathways of cellular ____ release the energy in the sugar molecules and use it to build ____ which is in turn used to power cellular work
Respiration
Atp
