phosphorus in biology

Question 1

organic phosphorus in bio systems derivation

Answer 1

phosphoric acid/ phosphate
*v reactive so never found alone

Question 2

P present in bones

Answer 2

bound as insoluble mineral hydroxylapatite

Question 3

pKa

Answer 3

pH at which concnetration of acid = concentration of conjugate base

Question 4

Henderson hasselbach equation

Answer 4

pH= pKa + log ([A-] /[HA])

Question 5

ester formation

Answer 5

condensation of acid and alcohol

Question 6

acetic acid + ethanol

Answer 6

ester + water

Question 7

phosphodiester bonds

Answer 7

backbone of nucleic acids
polymerase enzyme joins to release water

Question 8

phosphodiester bond hydrolysis

Answer 8

Sn2 (substitution, nucleophilic, bimolecular)
water as nucleophile

Question 9

anhydride formation

Answer 9

condensation of 2 acid molecules

Question 10

2* acetic acid&raquo_space;

Answer 10

acetic anhydride + water

Question 11

ATP bonding

Answer 11

phosphoanhydride
v energetically favourable hydrolysis > exergonic

Question 12

high free energy of hydrolysis functions

Answer 12

electrostatic repulsion (between - charged groups)
resonance stabilization (electrons on terminal oxygens more delocalised than bridging oxygens)
solvation/hydration of products

Question 13

ATP synthesis coupling

Answer 13

energy generating processes

Question 14

energy hydrolysis coupling

Answer 14

energy requiring processes