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Biochemistry semester 1 > energy and cellular metabolism > Flashcards

energy and cellular metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

phototrophs

A

energy from sunlight

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2
Q

autotrophs

A

energy from own source

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3
Q

chemotrophs

A

energy from chemical reactions

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4
Q

heterotrophs

A

energy from different sources

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5
Q

polysaccharide» oligosaccharide

A

salivary amylase

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6
Q

oligosaccharides» disaccharides

A

pancreatic amylase

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7
Q

disaccharides» monosaccharides

A

intestinal disaccharidases

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8
Q

metabolism

A

biochemical modification of chemical compounds in living cells and organisms

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9
Q

catabolic pathways
types?

A

reactions which break down
degradative
energy producing
oxidative

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10
Q

anabolic pathways
types?

A

reactions which build up
biosynthetic
energy consuming
reductive

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11
Q

change in gibbs free energy

A

change in enthalpy - Temp* change in entropy

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12
Q

+ change in G

A

temp ^
^ [S]

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13
Q

GTP role

A

protein metabolism

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14
Q

CTP role

A

lipid biosynthesis

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15
Q

UTP role

A

carbohydrate metabolism

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16
Q

metabolism stages

A
  1. breakdown of complex molecules into simple units
  2. conversion of simple units into acetyl coA
  3. ATP production from oxidation of acetyl CoA
17
Q

3 major pathways in glucose oxidation

A

glycolysis
citric acid cycle
oxidative phosphorylation

18
Q

glycolysis

A

use of carbs as fuel
glucose> pyruvate
embden-mayerhof-parnas pathway

19
Q

3 stages of glycolysis

A

investment/priming (glucose > F1, 6-GP)
splitting (»G3P)
energy conservation/ yield (G3P> Pyruvate)

20
Q

glucose > glucose6phosphate

A

hexokinase catalysis

21
Q

glucokinase location

A

liver

22
Q

G6P&raquo_space; F6P

A

conversion of aldopyranose > ketofuranose

23
Q

glycolysis overall energy gain

A

2ATP net gain for every glucose
2 ATP used in investment and 4 generated in yield

24
Q

reasons for tight regulation of metabolic pathways

A

link supply w demand
to allow response to environmental changes
maintain constant internal environment
to enable different tissues to interact

25
Q

glycolysis control

A

rate-limiting enzymes
enzymes at start of pathway
enzymes at branch in pathway (amount/activity of enzyme)
controlling accessibility of enzyme to substrate

26
Q

how to control activity of enzyme

A

conformational change
covalent modification

27
Q

ways to control accessibility of enzyme to substrate

A

compartmentalisation of enzymes/ substrate

Biochemistry semester 1 (7 decks)

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