Phonology Flashcards
Accent
The sound of our voices
Received Pronunciation
The type of accent that has upper class associations (eg. Boris Johnson, The King, Hugh Grant)
Glottal Stop
Missing the /t/ sound in words and replacing it with a burst of air (eg. bu’‘er instead of butter)
Prosodic Features
The tone, pitch, volume, stress, intonation of our voices
Spoonerisms
Verbal error in which the speaker accidentally mixes the sounds of two or more words (eg. Lack of pies rather than pack of lies)
Ellision
Slurring sounds (eg. Gonna, wanna, d’ya)
Deletion
Dropping phonemes from words (eg. Goin’ rather than going)
Schwa Vowel
/ə/ vowel which sounds like ‘uh’
Alveolar Nasal
The /n/ sound such as ‘nose’
Velar Nasal
The ‘ing’ sound /ŋ/ such as ‘dancing’
Alveolar Plosives
The /t/ and /d/ phonemes (eg. ‘Teeth’ and ‘dog’)
Phoneme
The individual sounds in our language. Smallest unit of sound. Coded via //
Glottal Fricatives
The /h/ sound, such as the word ‘home’
Dental fricatives
The ‘th’ sounds coded as /θ/ and /ð/ found in words like ‘birTHday’, ‘think’ /θ/ (unvoiced) and ‘THis’ and ‘THose’ /ð/ (voiced)
Labiodental Fricatives
/f/ /v/
Utterance
Spoken sentence
Monophthong vowel
Vowels that stay in one position
Diphthong vowel
Moving vowel
Assonance
Repeated vowel sounds (eg. hOW nOW brOWn cOW)
Rhoticity
Elongated /r/ and /ɜː/ phoneme in words like ‘farrrmerrr’
Phonology
The patterns of sounds in a language
Onomatopoeia
Words that sound like the thing they are referring to (eg. Buzz, bang, crash)
Alliteration
Describes the series of words in quick succession that all start with the same sound
Accent features
Using a character’s natural idiolect in this way could add a more authentic feel to the narrative and hint the character’s background
Sibilance
Use the alveolar fricative /s/ and post alveolar fricative /sh/ as a form of alliteration
Cacophony
Use of words and phrases that imply strong harsh sounds within the phrase (eg. Pounded)
Homophones
Words that sound the Shane but have different meanings (eg. To, two, too)
Alveolar Fricatives /s/ /z/
Sounds that are produced by airflow through a narrow channel formed by the tongue at the alveolar ridge
Post-alveolar Fricatives /ʃ/ /ʒ/
Sounds produced with a ‘sh’ or ‘zh’ quality
made by positioning the tongue close to the palette
/ʃ/- ‘sh’ : SHe
/ʒ/- ‘zh’ : meaSure
Assimilation
Process of sounds changing to be more like neighbouring sounds (eg. Bless you —> bleSHyou)
Monophthong Vowels
There is only one vowel sound in a syllable (eg. /i/ in bEE)
Diphthong Vowels
A combination of two or more vowel sounds in a syllable- moving vowel (eg. /aʊ/ in mOUth)
Consonant Clusters
Where y oh have a group of consonants clustered together without a vowel separating them
(Children tend to find these more challenging to develop)
Substitution
Substituting one phoneme for another (eg. That —> dat)
Stop Consonants
Another phrase for plosives (/t/ and /d/)
