Phonological Processing Flashcards
What is Phonological Processing?
The ability to use speech sounds (phonemes) for coding information when reading, speaking, and listening.
Phonological processing skills play an important role in academic tasks such as reading and writing.
What are the 3 subtypes of phonological processing?
Phonological Awareness
Phonological Memory
Rapid Naming
What is a Phoneme?
A sound in a language that has its own distinct sound.
The smallest unit of a spoken language.
Ex: “c” in the word “car” since it has its own distinct sound and alone has no meaning.
What is Phonological Awareness?
An individual’s awareness of and access to the sound structure of their oral language.
The spoken words of a language represent strings of phonemes that signal differences in meaning.
The process of Phonological Awareness
As children develop, they demonstrate awareness of increasingly smaller phonological units of speech.
- Initially, their awareness is limited to word-length phonological units. (ex: recognizing the 2 parts in cow-boy).
- Next, they become aware of syllables within words. (ex: recognizing each syllable of the two-syllable word, seven).
- Eventually, awareness proceeds within the syllable to recognizing the individual phonemes.
What is Phonological Memory?
Coding information phonologically for temporary storage in working or short-term memory.
What is the Phonological Loop?
The part of memory is most involved in storing phonological information.
It provides brief verbatim storage of auditory information.
Consists of two parts working together:
1. Phonological Store - “tape recorder” that holds most recent two seconds worth of auditory info.
2. Articulatory Control - helps pass info through the phonological loop and can refresh info already in the loop so that It can be stored for longer than 2 seconds.
Phonological memory impairments can constrain the ability to learn new written and spoken vocabulary?
True!
Deficient phonological memory does not appear to impair either word-level reading or listening to a noticeable extent?
True, assuming that the words involved are already in the individual’s vocabulary.
What is Rapid Naming?
Rapid naming of digits, letters, objects, or colors.
Requires efficient retrieval of phonological info from long-term or permanent, memory.
Also referred to as orthographic processing.
Has visual components, mostly graphemes (smallest unit of writing) or glyphs (pictures/symbols that represent words).
Hybrid Ability. Successful performance depends on how fast an examinee can scan and encode a phonological response.
Requires speed and processing of visual & phonological info.
Can predict poor performance in reading.
What are double deficits?
When an individual has deficits in both rapid naming and phonological awareness.
They appear to have greater difficulty learning to read words accurately and fluently.
