Memory & Learning Flashcards
What is Learning?
The acquisition of skill or knowledge
Refers to the process of how experiences change our brain.
What is Memory?
The expression of what you’ve acquired
The changes become memories which then are able to be stored and/or reactivated at a later time.
Mental Storage Device: information may be held and retained.
Capacity of the mind: ability to use and understand info
Different Types of Memory
Information Processed (words vs. pictorial info)
Capacity or Persistence (short-term vs. long-term)
Operating Characteristics (mental codes in which info is held).
Long-Term Recall
The ability to store information in memory and to fluently retrieve it later.
Not representative of the info that is stored in long-term memory but measures the ability to process and retrieve that info effectively and efficiently at a later date.
Episodic Memory
Declarative Memory
Storage and recollection of experiences and events
Semantic Memory
Declarative Memory
Storage of context-free factual and conceptual knowledge that includes general concepts, specific facts, autobiographical facts, and language.
The process of learning and memory
4 stages:
- Encoding - the initial registration and acquisition of information
- Storage - the maintenance of information over time in the nervous system.
- Consolidation - the multistage process where memory becomes more stable and resistant.
- Retrieval - the process whereby stored info is brought back into conscious awareness or otherwise affects ongoing behavior.
Encoding
The initial registration and acquisition of info
The process of transforming sensory and perceptual info into a representation code that can be stored in long-term memory
An automatic, unconscious process
Can also be intentional.
Storage
The maintenance of info over time in the nervous system
Storage is also referred to as retention
Includes processing not just a holding function
Unconscious process, effected by conscious activities.
Memory is stored in the same brain region where the perception and processing of the info took place.
Consolidation
The multistage process where memory becomes more stable and resistant to forgetting.
Post-encoding process which involves maintenance, elaboration, and storage or new information.
Occurs immediately after encoding but can extend for days and weeks.
Stabilizes, modifies, condenses, and enhances memories.
Retrieval
The process whereby stored info is Brough back into conscious awareness or otherwise affects ongoing behavior.
Process to access long-term memory.
Involves 2 processes: Spontaneous/Automatic and Controlled.
Recall
Tasks are a measure of how well the child can tredtieeve info they have learned.
Recognition
Tasks measure how much and what king of info they have encoded or stored.
Working Memory
The limited capacity to retain info while simultaneously processing the same or other information for a short-period.
Componenets: Phonological short-term, visual spatial short-term, & executive working memory.
Phonological Short-Term Memory
Auditory or Verbal Short-Term Memory
Limited Capacity, Speech-based store of verbal info.
