Phonological processes & Phonological rules Part 2

Question 1

How are features used in phonological rules?

Answer 1

Features help generalise rules

Question 2

What is the process of nasalisation in English vowels?

Answer 2

Vowels become nasalised before a nasal sound

Question 3

What is the difference between contrastive and allophonic sounds?

Answer 3

Contrastive sounds have different meanings; allophones are different pronunciations of the same phoneme.

Question 4

What is a rule in phonology?

Answer 4

A generalisation about allophone distribution in specific environments.

Question 5

What is a natural class in phonology?

Answer 5

A group of sounds with shared features that behave similarly in phonological processes.
e.g. /p/, /t/, /k/ (voiceless stops).

Question 6

How are natural classes related to phonological rules?

Answer 6

They differ based on each language’s sound inventory.

Question 7

What is the standard way (notation) of writing rules

Answer 7

phoneme “target” —> phone(s) “change” —> environment
“environment”