Phonemes and features part 2

Question 1

Q: What is phonological behavior regarding neighboring sounds?

Answer 1

Neighboring sounds affect each other, sharing features in pronunciation.

Question 2

What is the role of [syllabic] in classifying consonants?

Answer 2

It identifies segments that can be the syllable nucleus, such as vowels.

Question 3

Define [vocoid] in phonological classification.

Answer 3

[+vocoid] includes sounds without major obstruction in oral cavity, like vowels and glides.

Question 4

What distinguishes [+sonorant] from [−sonorant] sounds?

Answer 4

[+sonorant] sounds are more sonorous, while [−sonorant] sounds create airflow constriction.

Question 5

What characterizes [+continuant] sounds?

Answer 5

Sounds produced with airflow impeded but not completely blocked.

Question 6

What are sonorants and obstruents in terms of features?

Answer 6

Sonorants are [+sonorant] sounds, while obstruents are [−sonorant].

Question 7

What are continuants and occlusives in terms of featues?

Answer 7

Continuants are [+continuant], while occlusives are [-continuant]

Question 8

Define the feature [lateral].

Answer 8

[+lateral] sounds are produced by blocking airflow in the centre of the mouth, allowing it to escape over one or both sides of the tongue

Question 9

What does [strident] signify?

Answer 9

It characterizes only coronal fricatives and affricates with intense, noisy frequencies.

Question 10

Describe the feature [turbulent].

Answer 10

Used for obstruents like affricates, distinguishing them from stops.

Question 11

Define the feature [nasal].

Answer 11

[+nasal] sounds involve air passing through the nasal passages.
Define the features [trill] and [tap] – distinguishes various types of r sounds

Question 12

What is the significance of [coronal] in place features?

Answer 12

It includes sounds made with the front part of the tongue.

Question 13

Explain [anterior] for [+coronal] sounds.

Answer 13

Divides the coronal area; [+anterior] for front, [−anterior] for back of the coronal region.

Question 14

What is the purpose of [distributed] in coronal classification?

Answer 14

It indicates the breadth of constriction in the vocal tract for coronal sounds. (broad area of constriction)

Question 15

How is [labial] used to classify sounds?

Answer 15

It refers to sounds made with lips

Question 16

Define [labiodental].

Answer 16

[+labiodental] sounds involve the upper teeth, like labial-dental sounds.

Question 17

What does [dorsal] describe in articulation?

Answer 17

Sounds with constriction using the tongue body.

Question 18

Explain the use of [front] and [back] for [+dorsal] sounds.

Answer 18

They specify where the major constriction occurs along the tongue body.

Question 19

What are laryngeal features?

Answer 19

Features related to voicing, phonation, and glottal states, like [voice] and [spread glottis].

Question 20

Define the feature [voice].

Answer 20

It indicates the presence or absence of vocal fold vibration.

Question 21

What is [spread glottis]?

Answer 21

It categorizes sounds where vocal folds are spread apart for an open glottal state.

Question 22

Describe [stiff glottis].

Answer 22

vocal folds are compressed (adducted)

Question 23

What is the role of [raised larynx] and [lowered larynx]?

Answer 23

Used to classify ejectives (raised) and implosives (lowered)

Question 24

What does the feature [high] and [low] denote for vowels?

Answer 24

[high] represents close vowels, [low] represents open vowels

Question 25

Define [round] in vowel classification.

Answer 25

Indicates if a vowel is pronounced with rounded lips.