Acquisition part 2 Flashcards
Why is second language acquisition (SLA) important?
SLA is vital due to increasing ethnic diversity, bilingualism, and English as a global lingua franca.
What are key terms in SLA?
L1 (first language), L2 (second language), SLA (second language acquisition), NS (native speaker), NNS (non-native speaker), Interlanguage (IL).
What are the tasks of second language learners?
1) Perceiving and producing new sounds, 2) Organising these sounds in a new system.
How does L2 learning differ from L1 acquisition?
L2 learners already have developed language knowledge, and learning requires conscious effort, with varied success in pronunciation.
What is the critical period hypothesis (CPH)?
CPH suggests there’s an ideal time for language acquisition, with pronunciation harder after age 12.
What is the role of L1 in SLA?
L1 influences L2, making some phonemes easier or harder to learn depending on similarities.
What are the Perceptual Assimilation Model (PAM) and Speech Learning Model (SLM)?
PAM explains how L1 shapes L2 sound perception, while SLM shows how learners form new phonetic categories for L2 sounds.
How do cross-linguistic patterns affect SLA?
“Markedness” theory suggests that uncommon features in L2 are harder to acquire, while common features are easier to learn.
What is the Markedness Differential Hypothesis (MDH)?
MDH predicts that L2 features differing from L1 and more marked (uncommon) will be harder to learn.
What influences SLA?
SLA is influenced by L1, L2 input, and universal language principles, with learners acquiring new sounds, phoneme relationships, and prosody.
