Phonological Process Therapies

Question 1

What is most important in phonological process therapies?

Answer 1

Matching the approach to the child.

Question 2

What are the steps of conventional phonological treatment? (5)

Answer 2

1 Determine phonological rules child is using
2 Isolate changes btwn target and error (fronting, -stridency)
3 Select rules and phonemes to target
4 Use minimal pairs
5 Look for generalization

Question 3

What are types of generalization?

Answer 3

To positions or words not covered– spin to spill, spin to lisp. Across linguistic units (sp to spin), within sound class (sp to sk), across sound class (sp to gl), implicational (sp to s), across situations

Question 4

What is core vocabulary? Who is it used for?

Answer 4

Words are broken into syllables, clinician models and provides feedback. 50 core words. Weekly session with 10 words per session. 100 responses in 30 min with 10 words 3x correctly at end. It is used for kids with inconsistent errors who don’t do well with other therapies.

Question 5

What are cycles? Who is it used for?

Answer 5

Based on children acquiring by listening, acquiring gradually, and being actively involved. Rules are targeted for 2-6 hours, with multiple errors targeted at once. Goal is less than 40% occurrence of phonological rule. Best for highly unintelligible children 3 and older with broad phonological impairment.

Question 6

What are the steps of cycles therapy?

Answer 6

auditory bombardment
production practice
probing
more auditory
homework 2 min/day
review

Question 7

What is maximal oppositions? Who is it for?

Answer 7

Highly unintelligible children with 6+ missing phonemes at 3-4 yrs.- tries to change entire phonological system, not just rules. Target v target and phonemes are outside of stimulibility. Based on acquiring complex phonemes makes biggest difference.

Question 8

What are the steps of maximal oppositions?

Answer 8

Drill, sort, match. Begin and end with imitative model.5 words are chosen at a time. s/m

Question 9

What is metaphon?

Answer 9

Cognitive linguistic treatment with goal being for child’s metalinguistic awareness to increase and for them to self correct. Focus is on communication and goal is to understand opposites (long/short, front/back, oral/nasal)

Question 10

What are steps of metaphon?

Answer 10

Develop phonological awareness
-concept level
-sound level
-phoneme level
-word level
Develop phonological and communicative awareness

Question 11

What is minimal pairs? Who is it for?

Answer 11

Mild to moderate phonological impairment. Present pictures of two minimal pair sounds- good with dfc, fronting, strident cons

Question 12

Steps of minimal pairs?

Answer 12

Analyze errors
Develop minimal pairs
Clinicial model
Chidl repeat
Multiple trials

Question 13

What is multiple oppositions? Who is it for?

Answer 13

For kids missing 6 + sounds across three manner categories and between 3:3 and 6:6. Often a child will substitute one sound for multiple. Severe disorder. Goals are based on sounds being maximally different and child having a chance of getting target. Focus is on system wide change. GOAL- 90% accuracy across two training sets

Question 14

What is non linear phonology?

Answer 14

Metrical/prosodic. Focuses on relationship of phonological units. AKA words are sounds, phrases are words, words are syllables, syllables are onsets and rimes.

Question 15

What are three types of support for non linear phonology?

Answer 15

Fluency support- model slow and rythmic words, stress words differently
musical and rythmic support- emphasize syllable number, difference in stress by drumming
visual support- podiums to show weak and strong syllables

Question 16

How to teach onset and rime in non linear phonology?

Answer 16

Onset- tongue twisters
Rime- poetry nursery rhymes songs
Analogies of head or engine of word, tail, caboose…

Question 17

Why is non linear phonology difficult?

Answer 17

Must manipulate sounds in head.

Question 18

What is PACT? Who is it for?

Answer 18

Parents and children together. 3-6 yrs. 50 min ssns 10 min w parent in. Focus on parent ed, phonetic production, multiple exmplars, hw.

Question 19

What is speech perception? Who is it for?

Answer 19

Operant conditioning based for mod to severe phonological delays that AREN’T organic. 20 min ssns on computer clicking pictures of words heard. Good add on- not only treatment.

Question 20

What is traditional phonological therapy?

Answer 20

ID standard sound, discriminate from error, var and correct productions of sound, strengthen and stabilize in syllable, word, phrase, sentence, discourse, spontaneous…

Question 21

What is the difference in phonetic and phonological?

Answer 21

Phonetic is treating one phoneme to mastery by changing oral motor placement.
Phonological is treating multiple sounds by changing mental representations.