Phonological Disorders Flashcards
Place Manner and Voice of phonemes /p,b/
Age of acquisition
/p/ Bilabial, Stop, Voiceless
/b/ Bilabial, Stop, Voiced
Place Manner and Voice of phonemes /t,d/
Age of acquisition
/t/ Alveolar, Stop, Voiceless
/d/ Alveolar, Stop, Voiced
Place Manner and Voice of phonemes /k,g/
Age of acquisition
/k/ Velar, Stop, Voiceless
/g/ Velar, Stop, Voiced
Place Manner and Voice of phonemes /f,v/
Age of acquisition
/f/ Labiodental, Fricative, Voiceless
/v/ Labiodental, Fricative, Voiced
Place Manner and Voice of phonemes /θ ‘thigh’ ð ‘they’/
Age of acquisition
/θ/ Dental, Fricative, Voiceless
/ð/ Dental, Fricative, Voiced
Place Manner and Voice of phonemes /s,z/
Age of acquisition
/s/ Alveolar, Fricative, Voiceless
/z/ Alveolar, Fricative, Voiced
Place Manner and Voice of phonemes /ʃ ‘show’, ʒ ‘viSion/
Age of acquisition
/ʃ/ Postalveolar, Fricative, Voiceless
/ʒ/ Postalveolar, Fricative, Voiced
Place Manner and Voice of phonemes /h/
Age of acquisition
/h/ Glottal, Fricative, Voiceless
Place Manner and Voice of phonemes /tʃ ‘chew’, dʒ ‘jaw’/
Age of acquisition
/tʃ/ Postalveolar, Affricate, Voiceless
/dʒ/ Postalveolar, Affricate, Voiced
Place Manner and Voice of phoneme /m/
Age of acquisition
/m/ Bilabial, Nasal, Voiced
Place Manner and Voice of phoneme /n/
Age of acquisition
/n/ Alveolar, Nasal, Voiced
Place Manner and Voice of phoneme /ŋ ‘sing’/
Age of acquisition
/ŋ/ Velar, Nasal, Voiced
Place Manner and Voice of phoneme /l/
Age of acquisition
/l/ Alveolar, Lateral/Liquid, Voiced
Place Manner and Voice of phonemes /r/
Age of acquisition
Postalveolar, Rhotic/Liquid Voiced
Place Manner and Voice of phonemes /w/, /j/ ‘yes’
Age of acquisition
/w/ Bilabial/Velar, Glide, Voiced
/j/ Palatal, Glide, Voiced
Height, Advancement, Tense/Lax, Roundedness of vowel /i/
Example word
high, front, tense, unrounded
Key
Height, Advancement, Tense/Lax, Roundedness of vowel /ɪ/
Example word
high, front, lax, unrounded
w(i)n, craz(y)
Height, Advancement, Tense/Lax, Roundedness of vowel /e/
Example word
mid, front, tense, unrounded
reb(a)te
Height, Advancement, Tense/Lax, Roundedness of vowel /ɛ/
Example word
mid, front, lax, unrounded
red
Height, Advancement, Tense/Lax, Roundedness of vowel /æ/
Example word
low, front, lax, unrounded
had
Height, Advancement, Tense/Lax, Roundedness, Stress of vowel /ə/
Example word
mid, central, lax, unrounded, unstressed
(a)bout
Height, Advancement, Tense/Lax, Roundedness, Stress of vowel /ʌ/
Example word
mid, central, lax, unrounded, stressed
bud
Height, Advancement, Tense/Lax, Roundedness, Stress of vowel /ɚ/
Example word
mid, central, lax, rounded, unstressed
butt(er)
Height, Advancement, Tense/Lax, Roundedness, Stress of vowel /ɝ/
Example word
mid, central, tense, rounded, stressed
bird
Height, Advancement, Tense/Lax, Roundedness of vowel /u/
Example word
high, back, tense, rounded
moon
Height, Advancement, Tense/Lax, Roundedness of vowel /ʊ/
Example word
high, back, lax, rounded
wood
Height, Advancement, Tense/Lax, Roundedness of vowel /oʊ/
Example word
high-mid, back, tense, rounded
(o)kay
Height, Advancement, Tense/Lax, Roundedness of vowel /ɔ/
Example word
low-mid, back, tense, rounded
law
Height, Advancement, Tense/Lax, Roundedness of vowel /ɑ/
Example word
low, back, tense, unrounded
cod
Onset vs. Coda
What is the peak and nucleus?
Onset: precedes the vowel (S)it
Coda: follows the vowel Si(t)
Peak: is the vowel
Nucleus: ????
Define Final Consonant Deletion
Approx. age of elimination
The coda is omitted
Beep→ bee
3yrs
Define Weak Syllable Deletion
Approx. age of elimination
Usually at the beginning of the word
Potato -> teto
4yrs
Define Consonant Cluster Reduction
Approx. age of elimination
Consonant cluster is reduced to one member of the cluster
Stop -> top
4yrs w/out /s/
5yrs w/ /s/
Define Consonant Cluster Simplification
There is still a cluster but will be changed to a sound that is easier for the child
Brown→ bwown
Define Epenthesis
Approx. age of elimination
A segment, usually [ə], is inserted, usually between two consonants in a cluster
Black → Bulack
8yrs
Define Metathesis
Reversal of 2 segments in a word (same sounds in a different order)
Basket → Bakset
Define Assimilation
Approx. age of elimination
One sound in a word causes other sounds around it to become more like it
Bus → bub
3yrs
Define Velar Fronting
Approx. age of elimination
Velar sounds are produced in front (anterior) to the velum, usually as alveolar sounds
Key -> ti
3.5yrs
Define Stopping
Approx. age of elimination
Fricatives and/or affricates are replaced by stops
Sun → Tun
/f,s/ 3yr
/v,z/ 3.5yrs
/sh, ch, j/ 4.5yr
/th/ 5yr
Define Gliding
Approx. age of elimination
When /r/ becomes a /w/
When /l/ becomes a /w/ or y sound
Rabbit –> Wabbit
Yello –> yeyo
6yrs
Define Vocalizations (Vowelizations)
Adding a vowel (typically /o/) to the end of a word
Car→ Cao
Define Deaffrication
Approx. age of elimination
Affricates (ch & j) are replaced by fricatives (sound made by air that comes through a narrow space= f, v, sh, s, z, th)
Chips –> Ships
4yrs
Define Prevocalic Voicing
Approx. age of elimination
Voiceless consonants are replaced by their voice counterpart
Paper→ Bapo
6yrs
Define Devoicing of Final Consonants
Approx. age of elimination
Voiced consonants in the final position are produced as voiceless
Dog → Dok
3yrs
Factors related to speech sound disorders
○Otitis Media with Effusion
○Speech sound perception disorders
○Oral myofunctional disorders (tongue thrust, malocclusion, lip insufficiencies, finger sucking…)
○Intelligence
○Personality and psychosocial factors
Treatment consideration when selecting targets
■Types of patterns
■Effect on intelligibility
■Stimulability
■Age of Acquisition
■Error Consistency: Start with sounds that are inconsistently errored (they produce correctly sometimes)
