Phonological Analysis Flashcards
What are examples of phonological analysis?
STAP, DEAP, EAT, CLEAR
STAP= get child to describe a picture and say what’s in the picture for you to transcribe.
What is naturalness?
This describes how children at 18 months will not be able to produce all speech sounds correctly but all children have similar errors. These are natural features that are easier to articulate.
What is markedness?
It is more complex than naturalness and less common across languages.
What is the most natural syllable shape?
CV
What is more natural: plosives or fricatives?
Plosives
Which type of voiceless sounds are more natural than the voiced ones?
Plosives, fricatives and affricates.
Which types of voiced sounds are more natural than the voiceless ones?
Approximants
Which is more likely:
1) /si/ or /ti/
2) /ta/ or /da/
1) ti
2) ta
What is a phonological process?
- A process that converts a difficult aspect of phonology (target) to a similar but easier sound.
- They describe errors in children’s speech.
Structure: What is weak syllable deletion?
In multisyllabic words, the unstressed syllable is deleted.
Eg. “banana” -> /nana/
Structure: When does weak syllable deletion disappear?
3;6- 4 years
Structure: What is reduplication of syllables?
When a syllable is repeated in place of another one.
Eg. “teacher” -> /titi/
Structure: When does reduplication disappear?
2-2;6 years
Structure: What is final consonant deletion?
Deletion of a consonant in WF position.
Eg. “bean” -> /bi/
Structure: When does final consonant deletion disappear?
3;3 - 3;6 years
Structure: What is cluster reduction?
When there is more than one consonant in the onset/coda, one is deleted.
Eg. “stop”-> /top/
Structure: When does cluster reduction usually disappear?
3-4 years
Structure: What are the rules for cluster reduction?
1) If there is a plosive + approximant, approximant not produced.
2) If there is a fricative + approximant, approximant not produced.
3) If there is a /s/ + plosive/ nasal, /s/ not produced.
4) If there is a /s/ + approximant, either consonant is not produced.
Structure: What are some less common processes?
Epenthesis
Metathesis
Structure: What is Epenthesis?
Insertion of a segment in the middle of a word. Usually a schwa. Like adding it in “please”
Structure: What is metathesis?
Reversal of consonant position.
Eg. “Animal” -> “Aminal”