Phonetics & Phonology

Question 1

Prosodic Features (Total 5) how voice sounds

Answer 1

• Pitch
• Stress
• Volume
• Tempo
• Intonation - (rise and fall of the voice in speaking)

Question 2

Vocal Effects (Total 3)

Answer 2

• Coughs
• Laughter
• Breath

Question 3

Connected speech sounds (Total 5)

Answer 3

• Assimilation - (the process of altering a sound so
that it is closer to a neighbouring sound, ‘sandwich’
as ‘samwich’)
• Vowel Reduction - (any of various changes in the
acoustic quality of vowels, which are related to
changes in stress, sonority, duration, loudness,
articulation, or position in the word)
• Elision - (The slurring of certain sounds in a
phonological context, such as Ol’man and
haman’eggs.)
• Insertion - (The addition of sounds as the vocal
track move from the one sound to another (e.g.
addition of [b] in family to produce fambly))
• Flapping - (The ‘d’ sound often heard in place of ‘t’
in words like ‘butter’ (‘budder’).)

Question 4

Australian English Accents (Total 3)

Answer 4

• Broad - (identified with the ‘Australian twang’.)
• General - (The accent is used by the great majority
of the Australian population.)
• Cultivated - (An accent used by around ten per
cent of the Australian population, It is more
rounded its articulation of vowels than General or
Broad accents.)

Question 5

Phonological patterning (Total 6)

Answer 5

• Alliteration -repetition consonants - ‘cool, crisp coke’
• Assonance(not rhyme) - repetition of vowel sounds near each other We light fire on the mountain.
I feel depressed and restless
Go and mow the lawn.
Johnny went here and there and everywhere
The engineer held the steering to steer the vehicle.
• Consonance - pleasing sounding caused by the repetition of consonant sounds within sentences, phrases, or in poems. Typically this repetition occurs at the end of the words, but may also be found within a word or at the beginning.

 Examples
Blank and think
Spelled and scald
Sent and went
Dawn goes down
Laughed and deft
Strong and swing

• Onomatopoeia -name of sound is sound is makes- crash, splash, bark, bang, clang
• Rhythm -
• Rhyme - same vowel sound - bang, clang, tang