Discourse Need to WORK ON

Question 1

Coherence - quality of being logical, consistent and able to be understood (coherence = building)

Answer 1

Inference - The additional information assumed by hearers/readers to make a connection between what has been said and what is meant. e.g. Sarah has been to the gym a lot; she must be trying to lose weight
logical ordering - organising information in an article in a logical order.
formatting - layout of text e.g bold,underlining,
consistency & Conventions -

Question 2

Cohesion - (bricks and cement) - devices help discourse to flow

Answer 2

Information flow - how speakers and writers provide cues to interpret text appropriately

clefting - splits off part of the sentence to emphasises the importance of that part. e.g It was last year that I saw him

front-focus & end-focus - word order change to focus on that word e.g. Ice cream I love.

anaphoric & cataphoric referencing - expressions that refer back to something that has gone before, refers to another expression that follows it. e.g. If you want it, you can take my book.

Deictic words or deixis - words that show when, where or to whom an event is occurring. e.g. these, there, here,
e.g. “Don’t you sometimes wonder if it’s worth all this? I mean what you’re fighting for.
synonymy -
antonymy - words that have the opposite meaning
hyponymy - hear and here- words that sound the same
collocation - words that usually go with other words. e.g. a dark and stormy night.
ellipses - …
substitution - the replacement of a word or phrase with a “filler” word (such as one, so, or do) to avoid repetition.
conjunction & adverbials - connecting words - and, but, however, Shockingly, Sadly

Question 3

Features of spoken discourse

Answer 3

Pauses
False Starts
Repetition
Repairs
Openings & Closings - signposting, lastly, finally,
Adjacency - Pairs words or phrases that go together
Overlapping speech
Interrogative tags - add a word or phrase which makes a statement a question - We really like ice cream, don’t we?
Discourse Particles - short words, showing change of topic or bringing a conversation back to the previous topic. - Anyway, yeah.

Question 4

Spoken strategies

Answer 4

Topic Management - moving from one topic to another.
Turn-Taking - negotiating who is speaking
Holding The Floor - not letting anyone else talk- “I have not finished yet, I haven’t made my point yet.
Minimal Responses - uh hm,