Phonetics 4

Question 1

constriction

Answer 1

air is not allowed to escape freely through the oral and nasal cavity.

Question 2

three-term label (consonants)

Answer 2

• state of the glottis
• place of articulation
• manner of articulation

Question 3

articulation glottal stop

Answer 3

neither voiced nor unvoiced

Question 4

bilabial

Answer 4

two lips articulate with each other (ma, pa bumpy)

Question 5

labio-dental

Answer 5

lower lip articulates with upper teeth (fee)

Question 6

labio-velar

Answer 6

lips articulate with each other, while at the same time the back of the tongue articulates with the velum (what, well)

Question 7

labio-velar

Answer 7

lips articulate with each other, while at the same time the back of the tongue articulates with the velum (what, well)

Question 8

dental

Answer 8

tip other tongue articulates with the upper teeth (thing, this, that)

Question 9

denti-alveolar

Answer 9

blade of the gongue articulates with the alveolar ridge, while the tip touches the inside of the upper teeth (d/t in AN ‘daad, kan’

Question 10

alveolar

Answer 10

tip and/or blade articulate with the alveolar ridge (RP t, d, n, l => telly, dolly, Lenny)

Question 11

post-alveolar

Answer 11

tip articulates with the rear edge of the alveolar ridge (Henry)

Question 12

pre-palatal

Answer 12

blade and front of the tongue articulate with the forward part of the hard palate (AN ‘kastje, cheque, etage’)

Question 13

palato-alveolar

Answer 13

blade of the tongue articulates with the alveolar ridge, while at the same time the front of the tongue is raised towards the hard palate (RP shore, measure)

Question 14

Palatal

Answer 14

front of the tongue articulates with the hard palate (AN ‘Anja, franje, eitje, blaadje)

Question 15

Velar

Answer 15

back of the tongue articulates with the soft palate. (RP key)

Question 16

Uvular

Answer 16

the uvula articulates with the back of the tongue (AN harde G)

Question 17

Glottal

Answer 17

vocal cords articulate with each other as for [h] (how) or for whispered vowels + glottal stop as in an emphatic pronunciation (AN ‘au!’)

Question 18

obstruents

Answer 18

consonants produced with some form of obstruction

Question 19

sonorants

Answer 19

consonants produced using a free escape of airstream through the oral or nasal cavity

Question 20

plosives

Answer 20

obstruents created by a complete closure at some point in the vocal tract (also called stops)
(AN ‘paal, taal, kaal, baal / RP again, skin)

Question 21

fricatives

Answer 21

obstruents formed by narrowing the vocal tract to a degree that friction is produced (AN vis, oog, chef / RP thin, nothing, vision, decision)

Question 22

affricates

Answer 22

begin like plosives and end like fricatives (Duits = Zeit / RP Roger)

Question 23

nasals

Answer 23

nasal escape of the airstream by which they are characterised. soft palate is lowered and the oral cavity is blocked completely at some point (AN ‘om, non, eng, bonje’ / RP meaning)

Question 24

approximants

Answer 24

drawing together of the articulators which gives rise to a light or near-contact, airstream being so weak that no friction is produced. (AN ‘ajuin, Ajax’ / RP hurry, mirror)
[l] (AN ‘olie’) = lateral; airstream is partly blocked by tongue but allowed to escape via both sides.

Question 25

roll

Answer 25

flexible organ such as uvula or tip of the tongue vibrates against a firmer surface. (AN ‘rennen!’)

Question 26

flap

Answer 26

when only a single tap is made as opposed to a series. (RP Arrow / AN ‘serie’)

Question 27

assimilation

Answer 27

when a consonant adopts certain features of pronunciation from a neighbouring consonant.