Phonetics

Question 1

[ɗ]

Answer 1

HOOKTOP D

IPA USAGE Voiced glottalic ingressive (i.e., implosive) alveolar, dental, or post-alveolar stop. COMMENTS Voiced alveolar or dental implosives are attested in some South Asian languages (notably Sindhi, which is Indo-European),

Question 2

[ɦ]

Answer 2

HOOKTOP H

IPA USAGE Voiced (or murmured, or whispery, or breathy-voiced) glottal fricative. OTHER USES Heffner (1950, 150) states that this symbol is used for an Arabic sound that is “not infrequent in words like behind, beheld, behave, perhaps” in English.

it is generally in the “murmur” or “breathy voice” state characteristic of the release of the breathy-voice (“voiced aspirate”) stops of Indic languages. A right superscript Hooktop H is used to represent that kind of release (with or without the subscript diacritic [..] under the stop symbol to indicate the murmur state of the glottis).

Question 3

(b)

Answer 3

LOWER-CASE B
IPA USAGE Voiced bilabial stop.

Question 4

[t]

Answer 4

LOWER-CASE T
IPA USAGE Voiceless alveolar or dental plosive.

Question 5

[ɘ]

Answer 5

REVERSED E
IPA USAGE Close-mid central unrounded vowel, midway between [e] and [ɤ]. Used by Abercrombie (1967,161) and Catford (1977,178), and finally made an official IPA symbol in 1993.

Question 6

[I]

Answer 6

SMALL CAPITAL I
IPA USAGE Near-close near-front unrounded vowel, between Cardinal I and Cardinal 2. AMERICAN USAGE Same as IPA. OTHER USES Sometimes [ɪ] is regarded as differing from [i] in tenseness rather than height, [i] being tense and [ɪ] lax.

Question 7

ʊ

Answer 7

UPSILON
IPA USAGE Near-close near-back unrounded vowel, between Cardinal 7 and Cardinal 8; the vowel in standard English pronunciations of the words put and cook.

Question 8

ħ

Answer 8

CROSSED H
IPA USAGE Voiceless pharyngeal fricative.

Question 9

Χ

Answer 9

CHI
IPA USAGE Voiceless uvular median fricative.
Greek chi. It represents a back fricative in Greek (but a velar one, not a uvular one).

Question 10

[ð]

Answer 10

ETH
IPA USAGE Voiced apico-dental or interdental median fricative.

Question 11

h

Answer 11

Lower case H
Voiceless glottal fricative or approximant. Used as a right superscript, it is the official IPA diacritic for aspirated sounds.

Question 12

K

Answer 12

LOWER-CASE K

IPA USAGE Voiceless velar stop.

Question 13

ʁ

Answer 13

Inverted small capital R
IPA USAGE Voiced uvular fricative or frictionless approximant, as in some varieties of the French r-sound.
Reserved for a fricative or approximant; [R] is used for the voiced uvular trill.

Question 14

[R]

Answer 14

Small Capital R
IPA USAGE Voiced uvular trill or flap, as in (one variety of) the Parisian French r-sound.

Question 15

~

Answer 15

Tilde
IPA Usage: Nasalization marker for vowels, or occasionally for consonants;

Question 16

v

Answer 16

Wedge
Sometimes same as IPA, as a tone symbol. Its principal use is on symbols for alveolar or
palatal consonants to represent palato-alveolar fricatives or affricates; thus [š] = IPA [ʃ], [ž] = IPA [ʒ], [č] = IPA [tʃ], [ǰ] = IPA [dʒ]. This use of the wedge is borrowed from Slavic orthography

Question 17

ɣ

Answer 17

GAMMA IPA USAGE Voiced velar median fricative. Used as a right superscript, it is the official IPA diacritic for velarized sounds. See the chart for IPA diacritics.

Question 18

(˘)

Answer 18

Breve IPA Usage: Given in the IPA chart of suprasegmental symbols as a diacritic for “extra-short.” Used to mark “the weaker element of a diphthong”; thus [ĭu] is like [ju], but [iŭ] is like [iw]. Also used in representing prenasalized stops such as

Question 19

̯

Answer 19

Subscript Arch

The diacritic ̯ means “non-syllabic”, and it typically used to refer to phonetic situations where a vowel seems to be pronounced as “a glide”. You could write the IPA letter [j] as [i̯], but there is a special symbol for non-syllable /i/. There is no special symbol for non-syllabic [e], hence the need to resort to the diacritic in e].

Question 20

K of

Question 21

◌̆

Answer 21

A breve (/ˈbriːv/ ⓘ BREEV, less often /ˈbrɛv/ ⓘ BREV, neuter form of the Latin brevis “short, brief”) is the diacritic mark ◌̆, shaped like the bottom half of a circle.

In many forms of Latin, ◌̆ is used for a shorter, softer variant of a vowel, such as “Ĭ”, where the sound is nearly identical to the English /i/. (See: Latin IPA)

In Turkish, ğ lengthens the preceding vowel. It is thus placed between two vowels and is silent in standard Turkish but may be pronounced [ɰ] in some regional dialects or varieties closer to Ottoman Turkish.

Question 22

Å (å in lower case)

Answer 22

Over-Ring

Though Å is derived from A by adding an overring, it is typically considered a separate letter. It developed as a form of semi-ligature of an A with a smaller o above it to denote a long and darker A, a process similar to how the umlaut mark developed from a small e written above certain letters.[